2016—2019年常州地区无偿献血者酶免和核酸平行检测结果分析  

Analysis of the Results of Enzyme Immunoassay and Nucleic Acid Parallel Testing of Unpaid Blood Donors in Changzhou from 2016 to 2019

作　　者：杨爱龙[1] 濮云峰[1] 董珀 贺晨峰[1] YANG Ailong;PU Yunfeng;DONG Po;HE Chenfeng(Blood Testing Center,Changzhou City Center,Changzhou,Jiangsu Province,213004 China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省常州市中心血站检测中心,江苏常州213004

出　　处：《中国卫生产业》2021年第4期179-181,共3页China Health Industry

摘　　要：目的分析ELISA和NAT平行的血液筛查模式对降低经输血感染病原体风险的有效性。方法收集常州市2016—2019年270215例无偿献血者血液标本,采用两次ELISA并行检测HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV和抗TP。268264例ELISA双阴性标本采用6人份混样(pool)NAT进行HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA的检测,核酸阳性的pool进行拆分单检。结果270215例无偿献血者HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV和抗TP的阳性率分别为2.58‰(697例)、1.49‰(402例)、0.23‰(61例)和3.06‰(827例)。268264例酶免阴性无偿献血者HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA阳性率分别为0.86‰(230例)、0.01‰(3例)和0.01‰(2例)。结论ELISA与NAT两种检测方法能相互补充,极大降低了输血感染病原体的残余风险,保障输血安全。NAT能进一步缩短血液传染性病毒的检测“窗口期”,检出隐匿性病毒。Objective To analyze the effectiveness of the parallel blood screening mode of ELISA and NAT in reducing the risk of pathogen infection through blood transfusion.Methods The blood samples of 270215 unpaid blood donors in Changzhou from 2016 to 2019 were collected.Two ELISAs were used to detect HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and anti-TP in parallel.268264 double-negative ELISA specimens were tested for HBV DNA,HCV RNA,and HIV RNA using 6 pools of NAT,and the pool of nucleic acid-positive samples was split and single-tested.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and anti-TP of 270215 unpaid blood donors were 2.58‰(697 cases),1.49‰(402 cases),0.23‰(61 cases)and 3.06‰(827 cases),respectively.The positive rates of HBV DNA,HCV RNA and HIV RNA in 268264 unpaid blood donors with negative enzyme immunity were 0.86‰(230 cases),0.01‰(3 cases)and 0.01‰(2 cases),respectively.Conclusion The two detection methods of ELISA and NAT can complement each other,greatly reduce the residual risk of pathogens infected by blood transfusion and ensure the safety of blood transfusion.NAT can further shorten the"window period"for the detection of blood infectious viruses and detect concealed viruses.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 酶免检测 核酸检测 窗口期 隐匿性病毒 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]