转移效应、增长效应与劳动生产率增长--基于两部门劳动生产率的国际比较  

Transfer Effect,Growth Effect and Labor Productivity Growth--Based on International Comparison of Two Sector

作　　者：胡晨沛 Hu Chenpei(International Statistical Information Center,National Bureau of Statistics of China,Beijing 100826,China)

机构地区：[1]国家统计局国际统计信息中心,北京100826

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2021年第5期57-66,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：全国统计科学研究项目“适合中国国情的地区总量生产函数模型构建及应用研究”(2020LY022)。

摘　　要：基于主要国家1978—2017年农业和非农业两部门劳动生产率数据,将劳动生产率增长分解为农业劳动力非农化的转移效应以及各行业纯劳动生产率提升的增长效应并开展国际比较。研究结果表明:第一,改革开放以来中国劳动生产率增速高于主要国家,但生产率绝对水平仍然较低,与发达国家存在较大差距。第二,改革开放以来中国劳动生产率转移效应累计达到4999.3美元/人,在主要国家中位居前列;累计增长效应为11470.0美元/人,高于多数发展中国家,但与发达国家仍然存在较大差距。第三,分行业看,过去40年金融商业服务和公用事业是劳动生产率国别增长效应差异最大的两个行业,成为主要国家劳动生产率增长效应差距拉大的重要原因。Based on the labor productivity data of the agricultural and non-agricultural of major economies from 1978 to 2017,the labor productivity growth is decomposed into the transfer effect and the growth effect.The results are as follows.Firstly,since the reform and opening up,China's labor productivity has grown faster than the major economies,but the absolute level of productivity is still low,and there is a large gap with developed countries.Secondly,since the reform and opening up,China's labor productivity transfer effect has reached 4999.3 US dollars per capita,which ranks among the forefront of major economies;the cumulative growth effect is 11470.0 US dollars per capita,which is higher than most developing economies,but is still lower than developed economies.Thirdly,in terms of industries,financial business services and utilities are the two industries with the largest differences in labor productivity growth effects between countries in the past four decades,and these are the main reasons for the widening gap in labor productivity growth effects in major economies.

关 键 词：劳动生产率 增长效应 转移效应 国际比较 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]