关中地区塿土系统分类归属及代表土系建立  

Attribution of Lou Soil in Chinese Soil Taxonomy and Establishment of Representative Soil Series in Guanzhong Area

作　　者：吴娟 齐雁冰[1] 常庆瑞[1] 刘梦云[1] 白丽敏 WU Juan;QI Yanbing;CHANG Qingrui;LIU Mengyun;BAI Limin(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2021年第2期357-371,共15页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877007)资助。

摘　　要：塿土是关中地区受人为长期土粪堆垫而在原土壤表层形成明显堆垫层的重要农业土壤,其分类一直备受关注。为了解塿土的成土特点及系统分类归属,选取关中地区18个典型塿土剖面,通过野外成土因素、剖面形态调查与土样分析测定,依据中国土壤系统分类方案,确定其在高级和基层分类单元归属。结果表明,供试剖面包含堆垫表层、黏化层、钙积层等9个诊断层和诊断特性,隶属5个亚类,其中3个剖面为钙积土垫旱耕人为土,2个剖面为斑纹土垫旱耕人为土,8个剖面为普通土垫旱耕人为土,4个剖面为堆垫简育干润淋溶土,1个剖面为普通简育干润雏形土;按土族划分标准,可分为9个土族,其中13个剖面颗粒大小级别为黏壤质,5个为壤质;16个剖面矿物学类型为硅质混合型,2个剖面为混合型,土壤温度状况均为温性,14个剖面为石灰性,4个剖面为非酸性;按土系划分标准,18个剖面可划分为18个不同的土系。相关文献的71个塿土剖面的统计结果表明,堆垫层厚度介于17~97 cm,平均厚度为50.07 cm,因此堆垫表层以50 cm厚度为检索标准是适宜于划分典型塿土的高级分类归属的。为进一步完善中国土壤系统分类,强化对具有堆垫现象的雏形土有更强的区分能力和分类的准确性,建议在简育干润雏形土土类下增设堆垫简育干润雏形土亚类。【Objective】Lou soil is an important agricultural soil that has an apparent cumulic epipedon formed on the top as a result of long-term dung stacking therein in the Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province,and its classification has received much attention.In order to explore its pedogenic characteristics and attribution in the soil taxonomy and to establish a perfect representative soil system,a total of 18 typical Lou soil profiles were selected in the region.【Method】Of the 18 soil profiles,natural soil forming factors and morphologies were studied and in reference to the Manual of Field Soil Description and Sampling,soil samples collected for analysis of physicochemical properties in reference to the Soil Survey Laboratory Methods.On such a basis,diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics of the selected soil profiles were determined,and their attributions in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST)at the higher and basic category levels defined.【Result】The selected Lou soil profiles were found to have 2 diagnostic surface horizons(cumulic epipedon,ochric epipedon),3 diagnostic subsurface horizons(argic horizon,calcic horizon and cambic horizon)and 6 diagnostic characteristics(calcaric property,redox features,mesic soil temperature regimes,ustic soil moisture regimes,cumulic evidence and calcic evidence).Thickness of the cumulic epipedon was the key indicator for determining attribution of the Lou soil at the order level.Of the 18 profiles,13 were sorted into orthic anthrosols with a corresponding cumulic epipedon diagnostic horizon,4 into ustic argosols,and 1 into ustic cambosols with a corresponding 20-50 cm thick cumulic epipedon.They were attributed to 3 subgroups(Calcic Earth-cumuli-Orthic Anthrosols,Mottlic Earth-cumuli-Orthic Anthrosols and typic Earth-cumuli-Orthic Anthrosols)under Group Orthic Anthrosols,one to Subgroup Cumulic Hapli-Ustic Argosols under Group Ustic Argosols and one to Subgroup Typic Hapli-Ustic Cambosols under Group Ustic Cambosols.According to the criteria for sorting at the so

关 键 词：塿土 系统分类 堆垫表层 代表土系 关中地区 

分 类 号：S155.3[农业科学—土壤学]