老年人主观幸福感现状及其影响因素研究  

A Survey on Current Situation Subjective Well-being of the Elderly and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：张瑞 李晓虹[1] 支航钰 Zhang Rui;Li Xiaohong;Zhi Hangyu(School of Nursing,Xi’an Medical College,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安医学院护理学院,西安710021

出　　处：《健康教育与健康促进》2021年第2期133-136,共4页Health Education and Health Promotion

基　　金：陕西省2019年省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S201911840033);西安医学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目(121519057)。

摘　　要：目的了解老年人主观幸福感现状并探讨其影响因素。方法选取西安市167名老年人作为研究对象,采用自制的一般情况调查表及幸福度量表(中国版,GWB)对老人进行调查。结果老年男性的GWB评分为83.1±12.1,高于全国常模(75.0),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.67,P=0.00);老年女性的为78.1±14.0,高于全国常模(71.0),差异具有统计学意义(t=4.97,P=0.00)。多因素回归分析显示,居住地、身体状况、疾病困扰及子女数量是老年人主观幸福感的影响因素。结论老年人的主观幸福感整体较高,居住在城市、生活态度积极、人际交往好、有兴趣爱好、进行体育锻炼的老人主观幸福感更高。应加强农村的养老建设,更多关注农村老人的心理健康状态;老年人自身也应积极参与人际交往,进行体育锻炼,培养兴趣爱好;子女需给予老人更多的爱与关怀,使老年人有较高的主观幸福感。Objective To understand the current status of subjective well-being of the elderly and explore its influencing factors.Methods A total of 167 elderly people in Xi’an were selected as the research objects.The self-made general condition questionnaire and General Well-Being Schedule(Chinese Version,GWB)were used to understand the comprehensive situation of the elderly people.Results The GWB score of elderly male was(83.1±12.1),higher than the national norm(75.0),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.67,P=0.00);the GWB score of elderly female was(78.1±14.0),higher than the national norm(71.0),and the difference was statistically significant(t=4.97,P=0.00).Multivariate regression analysis showed that residence,physical condition,disease,and the number of children were the influencing factors of subjective well-being of the elderly.Conclusion The overall subjective well-being of the elderly is higher.The elderly who live in the city,a positive life attitude,good interpersonal communication,hobbies,and take part in physical exercise have higher subjective well-being.The construction of rural endowment should been strengthened,and more attention should be paid to the mental health of the rural elderly;the elderly themselves should also actively participate in interpersonal communication,carry out physical exercise,and cultivate interests and hobbies;children need to give the elderly more love and care,so that the elderly have a higher subjective well-being.

关 键 词：老年人 主观幸福感 影响因素 GWB幸福度量表 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理] C913.6[社会学]