平面相控阵超大角度扫描的阵因子分析  

Array factor analysis for untra-wide-angle scanning performance of planar phased arrays

作　　者：胡昌海 王任[1] 陈传升 王秉中[1] Hu Chang-Hai;Wang Ren;Chen Chuan-Sheng;Wang Bing-Zhong(Institute of Applied Physics,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学应用物理研究所,成都611731

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第9期374-380,共7页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61901086);博士后创新人才支持计划(批准号:BX20180057);中国博士后科学基金(批准号:2018M640907);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(批准号:ZYGX2019J101,ZYGX2019Z016)资助的课题。

摘　　要：目前学者们普遍认为,平面相控阵的方向性系数在扫描过程中按照余弦规律变化,无法实现从侧射到端射的大角度范围波束扫描.为了明晰面阵扫描方向图的变化规律,本文从阵因子的严格公式出发,分析了不同规模平面相控阵的方向性系数随扫描角度的变化,并将由严格阵因子公式得到的方向性系数变化趋势与余弦规律进行了比较.分析表明,有限大面阵的方向性系数在近端射区域不满足余弦变化规律,且在端射区域不为零.基于上述结论,本文进一步提出了采用单元方向图赋形弥补阵因子方向性系数变化的思路,为平面相控阵实现超大角度范围波束扫描指明了方向.At present,researchers generally believe that the change of maximum directivity of planar phased arrays in beam scanning process conforms with the cosine law,so that the wide-range beam scanning from broadside to end-fire is impossible to realize.There are three main factors that affect the scanning range of the planar phased array antenna:1)array factor;2)element pattern;3)port impedance matching.Scholars have done a lot of researches on the element pattern and the port impedance matching.About the array factor,Elliott,a famous phased array scholar,made a theoretical study on the directivity of the linear array and the planar array in 1963 and 1964,concluding that the variation of directivity of planar phased array conforms with the cosine law.However,the above conclusion came from an approximate formula under certain conditions:1)the element pattern in the half-space is omnidirectional;2)the beam of a large array is narrow enough;3)the beam cannot scan a range of several beamwidths close to end-fire.To make clear the scanning beam’s change law of planar arrays,the law of directivity changing with scanning angle of linear array and planar phased array with different sizes are analyzed by using the strict formula of array factor,and the directivity’s change law derived from strict formula of array factor is compared with the cosine law.The results show that 1)the variation law of the directivity of a linear array depends on the spacing between elements.When the spacing between elements is equal to half a wavelength,the directivity of the array does not change with the scanning angle.When the spacing between elements is less than half a wavelength,the directivity of the array increases with scanning angle increasing.2)The directivity of a finite array decreases with scanning angle increasing.However,the scanning beam’s maximum directivity of a finite planar phased array does not satisfy the cosine law and it is not zero in the end-fire range.Based on the above conclusions,the idea that the change of array fa

关 键 词：平面阵列天线 大角度扫描 阵因子 单元方向图赋形 

分 类 号：TN821.8[电子电信—信息与通信工程]