海平面变化背景下三大河口咸潮入侵特征及变化浅析  

Characteristics and changes of salt-tide intrusion in three estuaries under the background of sea level change

作　　者：左常圣 王慧[1] 李文善[1] 黄清泽 张建立[1] 刘秋林[1] ZUO Changsheng;WANG Hui;LI Wenshan;HUANG Qingze;ZHANG Jianli;LIU Qiulin(National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China;Ning De Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Ningde 352000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋信息中心,天津300171 [2]宁德海洋环境监测中心站,福建宁德352000

出　　处：《海洋通报》2021年第1期37-43,共7页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604902)。

摘　　要：基于2009-2019年实测资料分析研究我国三大河口咸潮入侵的特征及变化规律。研究结果表明:2009年以来,珠江口每年都会受到咸潮入侵的威胁,2019年咸潮入侵程度为近8年来最为严重的一年,全禄水厂超标时间超过210 h;钱塘江口除2014年外均发生较强咸潮入侵,其中2019年咸潮入侵程度为近9年最为严重的一年,南星水厂超标时间超过550 h;长江口咸潮入侵程度整体呈下降趋势,2015年后咸潮入侵次数明显减少,平均每年<3次,主要原因为长江口北支倒灌影响,2019年咸潮入侵程度为近5年最为严重的一年,青草沙水库超标时间超过470 h。对河口咸潮入侵影响最大的因素为径流,其次是潮汐和海平面变化;受潮周期影响,咸潮入侵具有日变化和半月变化周期;受径流影响,咸潮入侵具有明显的季节变化和年际变化规律,我国三大河口咸潮入侵机制共性和差异性并存。海平面上升和风暴潮增水会加剧磨刀门咸潮入侵灾害,在高海平面期及风暴潮多发期需格外注意咸潮入侵灾害,做好预警应对。Based on the measured data from 2009 to 2019,this paper analyzes the characteristics and variation of salt-tide intrusion in three estuaries in China.The results show that the Pearl River Estuary has been threatened by salt tide invasion every year since 2009,withthe most severeinvasionhappened in 2019,whenthe Quanlu water plant exceeded 210 hours.Except for 2014,strong salt tide invasion occurred in the Qiantang River.In 2019,the degree of salt tide invasion was the most serious,and the exceeding time of Nanxing Water Plant was 550 hours.Since 2015,the number of salt tide invasions in the Yangtze Estuary has been significantly reduced,with an average of less than three times a year.The main reason is backirrigation in the northern branch of the Yangtze Estuary.In 2019,the degree of salt tide invasions wasthe most severe in the past five years,with the Qingcaosha reservoir exceeding the standard for 470 hours.Runoff was the most important factor influencing the intrusion of saltwater in estuaries,followed by tidal and sea level changes.Under the influence of tidal cycle,salt tide invasion has diurnal variation and semilunar variation period of 15 days.Under the influence of runoff,the salinity tide invasion has obvious seasonal and interannual variation.Sea level rise and storm surge increase aggravate the salt tide invasion disaster.The common and different mechanisms of saltwater intrusion in the three estuaries coexist in China.In the period of high sea level and frequent storm surge,salt tide invasion disaster deserves special attention and early warning and response need to be made.

关 键 词：河口 海平面 风暴潮 咸潮入侵 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]