中国生物多样性保护取得的主要成绩、面临的挑战与对策建议  

Main Achievements,Challenges,and Recommendations of Biodiversity Conservation in China

作　　者：魏辅文[1] 平晓鸽[1] 胡义波[1] 聂永刚[1] 曾岩[1] 黄广平 WEI Fuwen;PING Xiaoge;HU Yibo;NIE Yonggang;ZENG Yan;HUANG Guangping(Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2021年第4期375-383,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0503200);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB31000000)。

摘　　要：经过近30年的发展,我国基本实现了生物多样性的全方位系统保护。目前,生物多样性保护已上升为国家战略,被纳入国家的顶层设计,相关法规制度逐步完善,科学研究取得重大突破。通过实施生物多样性保护和生态修复重大工程,建立自然保护地体系,划定生态保护红线等措施,我国重要生态系统和珍稀濒危物种得到了有效保护,社会参与和公众意识得到明显提升。此外,通过缔结多项生物多样性相关的国际公约和协定,以及倡议成立"一带一路"绿色发展国际联盟等举措,我国完成了从重要参与者向积极贡献者的履约角色转变。然而,我国生物多样性保护也存在一些有待解决和加强的问题,如:资金投入机制单一,数据整合程度不够,对海洋等生态系统的保护投入不足,以及追求数量目标而忽视生态系统结构和完整性等。未来,应转变保护策略,强化顶层设计;加强公约间协同增效,将生物多样性保护与国土空间规划和环境污染治理等相结合;从追求数量目标转为提升质量,加大海洋生物多样性保护,以及野生动物遗传资源库和野外台站建设力度,加强外来入侵生物和野生动物疫源疫病研究;搭建大数据平台,推动生物多样性信息共享和深度挖掘,为全球生态文明建设贡献中国智慧和中国方案。After nearly 30 years of development,China has basically realized the comprehensive conservation of biodiversity.Biodiversity conservation has been upgraded to a national strategy and incorporated into the top-level design,with laws and regulations gradually being improved and major scientific breakthroughs continuously being achieved.Through the implementation of major biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration projects,establishment of protected area system,and delineation of ecological red line,important ecosystems and endangered species have been effectively protected,and social participation and public awareness have been significantly improved.In addition,by signing a number of biodiversity-related international conventions and agreements and proposing the"Belt and Road Initiative International Green Development Coalition",China has transformed from an important participant to an active contributor of international agreements.However,there are still problems to be solved and areas for further improvement in biodiversity conservation,such as pursuing quantitative targets while ignoring ecosystem structure and connectivity,insufficient conservation input on marine ecosystem,single source conservation funding mechanism,and non-uniform monitoring data which cannot be effectively integrated and analyzed.In the future,conservation strategies should focus on strengthening toplevel design;promoting the synergy between conventions;integrating biodiversity conservation into the territorial and spatial planning,and pollution control;improving quality instead of pursuing quantitative targets;reinforcing marine biodiversity conservation,the construction of wild animal genetic resources bank and field stations,and the research in invasive species and wildlife infectious diseases;and building a big data platform to facilitate the sharing and data mining of biodiversity information.These Chinese wisdom and solutions will contribute to the construction of global ecological civilization.

关 键 词：生物多样性公约 生态文明 野生动植物 自然保护地体系 协同增效 海洋保护 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]