佐剂在水产疫苗中的研究进展  

Advances of Adjuvants in Aquaculture Vaccines

作　　者：徐晓丽 徐林通 郑艳坤 任涵玮 宋昀鹏 李灏 XU Xiaoli;XU Lintong;ZHENG Yankun;REN Hanwei;SONG Yunpeng;LI Hao(Tianjin Fishery Research Institute,Tianjin 300221,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市水产研究所,天津300221

出　　处：《饲料工业》2021年第8期59-64,共6页Feed Industry

基　　金：天津市重大科技工程计划项目[14ZCDGNC00100];天津市淡水养殖产业技术体系创新团队[ITTFRS2021000]。

摘　　要：疫苗接种是控制养殖鱼类病害最为安全有效的方法。但疫苗通常需要佐剂的辅助来提高免疫效力,传统佐剂(如矿物油)已广泛应用于商业化鱼类细菌疫苗中,但这类佐剂可能产生明显的副作用,且对细胞内病原疫苗作用不大。随着鱼类免疫学和免疫机制研究的深入,免疫反应中细胞及细胞因子的功能也逐步明确,为新型疫苗及佐剂的研发提供了基础和前提。为降低鱼类疫苗的副作用,同时确保免疫保护水平,研究人员致力于针对特定宿主细胞反应和特定病原体,开发无副作用或轻微副作用的疫苗佐剂。文章总结了目前水产疫苗常用佐剂以及新一代佐剂(Toll受体配体或细胞因子)的研究进展,重点关注佐剂的免疫保护功效及其在体内对免疫系统的调节作用,为理想水产疫苗佐剂的研发提供参考。Vaccination is the most effective method to protect the health of fish from various infectious agents.However,vaccines are usually not able to confer protection on their own.Therefore,the use of adjuvants is often necessary to increase the vaccine efficacy.Traditional adjuvants such as mineral oils are routinely used in different commercial fish bacterial vaccines.But obvious side effects may occur and little effect on fish intracellular pathogen vaccines were acquired with this type of adjuvants.With the advancements in fish immunology and immune mechanism,the functions of immune cell and cytokines in the immune response is gradually clarified,paving newer avenues in both basic and applied research areas for developing novel,effective vaccines and adjuvants.In order to reduce the side effects of fish vaccines and ensure the level of immune protection,researchers are constantly developing for new vaccine adjuvants with no side effects or minor side effects,targeting specific host cell responses and specific pathogens.This article summarizes the advances of commonly used adjuvants for aquatic vaccines and a new generation of adjuvants(Toll receptor ligands or cytokines),focusing on the immunoprotective effects of adjuvants and their regulatory effects on the immune system in vivo,providing reference for the development of optimized vaccine adjuvants.

关 键 词：鱼类疫苗 佐剂 免疫应答 分子佐剂 细胞因子 

分 类 号：S816.75[农业科学—饲料科学]