不同树盘覆盖对矮砧苹果园土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响  

Effects of different tree disk mulching on soil microbial community structure and diversity in dwarfing rootstock apple orchard

作　　者：薛晓敏[1] 王来平[1] 韩雪平[1] 陈汝[1] 王金政[1] XUE Xiaomin;WANG Laiping;HAN Xueping;CHEN Ru;WANG Jinzheng(Shandong Pomology Institute,Taian 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,泰安271000

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第4期1528-1536,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以7年生矮化中间砧苹果为试材,研究了不同材质树盘覆盖对土壤微生物丰度、群落结构和多样性的影响。高通量测序结果表明,防水园艺地布和塑膜覆盖处理提高了0—20 cm土层变形菌门的相对丰度和20—40 cm土层变形菌门的相对丰度,防水园艺地布处理还显著提高了土壤细菌Ace和Simpson指数。相较于防水、塑膜覆盖处理,透水园艺地布不仅提高了0—20 cm土层变形菌门、接合菌门的相对丰度,而且提高了土壤细菌Ace、Chao1和Simpson指数,降低了土壤真菌Ace、Chao1和Simpson指数。树状聚类图结果显示,树盘覆盖显著改变了土壤细菌和真菌群落结构,以透水园艺地布覆盖处理的改变最为显著。综合分析认为,不同覆盖措施均有利于提高土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性,降低土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性,优化土壤微生物群落结构,其中以透水园艺地布覆盖的效果最好。In this study,we used 7-year-old dwarf middle-stock apples as the test materials to study the effect of tree disk covered with different materials(waterproof,water-permeable horticultural ground fabrics and plastic film)on the soil microbial abundance,community structure and diversity.High-throughput sequencing results showed that three different types of horticultural ground cloth could increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of 0—20 cm soil layer,Proteobacteria abundance of the 20—40 cm soil layer covered by waterproof gardening cloth and plastic film were improved as well as.The results of microbial diversity showed that the horticultural ground fabrics and plastics film all changed the soil bacteria A(Ace),C(Chao 1)and S(Simpson)index.Among them,the permeable horticultural ground fabrics changed the indicators above most significantly,followed by the waterproof horticultural ground fabrics and plastics film.In addition,the permeable gardening cloth significantly reduced the soil fungal A,C and S index.The result of clustering relationship was consistent with the result of diversity,which was also the most obvious change of soil microbial community structure in permeable ground fabrics.Comprehensive analysis showed that different mulching were conducive to improving the richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities,reducing the richness and diversity of soil fungal communities,and optimizing the structure of soil microbial communities.Among them,permeable horticultural ground cover had the optimal effect.

关 键 词：树盘覆盖 矮砧苹果 高通量测序 细菌 真菌 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]