喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉生态区类型与保护地空间分布格局  

Spatial patterns of ecoregions and protected areas in the Karakoram-Himalayan region

作　　者：高峻 李杰[1,4] 付晶 鲍燕妮 马施彤[3] 李巍岳 郭鑫 GAO Jun;LI Jie;FU Jing;BAO Yanni;MA Shitong;LI Weiyue;GUO Xin(School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;Institute of Urban Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;School of Life Science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;Department of Forestry and Natural Resources,Purdue University,West Lafayette,IN 47907,USA)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学环境与地理科学学院,上海200234 [2]上海师范大学城市发展研究院,上海200234 [3]上海师范大学生命科学学院,上海200234 [4]美国普渡大学林业与自然资源系,印第安纳州西拉法叶47907

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第3期912-923,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0401);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA2002030103);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506404)。

摘　　要：喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉是泛第三极区域的重要组成部分。对中国与阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度、尼泊尔、不丹和缅甸等6国交界的喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉地区生态区和保护地分布开展研究。喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉地区总面积902843.76 km^(2),跨古北界和东洋界两大全球重要的生物地理区域,分布有14个生态区,其中有55处保护地。保护地由国家公园和自然保护区组成,主要分布在东喜马拉雅亚高山针叶林、喜马拉雅亚热带阔叶林和东喜马拉雅阔叶林3个生态区内,面积为159063.30 km^(2),占喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉地区总面积的17.62%。保护地中有41处国家公园,占保护地总数的74.5%;有25处为多国毗邻,占总数的45.45%。保护地的地理集中指数都大于完全平均分布值(37.796),空间分布呈集聚状态;其中自然保护区分布的不均衡度高于国家公园,分布在中国,尼泊尔和印度三国境内。核密度分析显示中尼边境与中印边境区域的保护地分布集中度高。20世纪30年代开始,特别是80年代以来各国建立保护地,目前已经形成全球著名的保护地集群带。对于进一步推进喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉地区国家公园跨境合作具有重要意义。The Karakoram-Himalaya region is a vital part of the Pan Third Pole area. In this paper, we studied the spatial patterns and characteristics of the ecoregions and protected areas in the Karakoram-Himalaya region, which is the transboundary area of China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar. We found that the Karakoram-Himalaya region spanned Palearctic and Indo-Malayan biogeographic realms with a total area 902843.76 km^(2). It covers 14 ecoregions and 55 protected areas are included. The protected areas are composed of the national parks and nature reserves, which are mainly distributed in the eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, and eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests. The total area of the protected areas is 159063.30 km^(2) accounting for 17.62% of the Karakoram-Himalaya region. There are 41 national parks that account for 74.50% of the number of the protected areas;25 protected areas are adjacent to more than two countries and account for 45.45%. The geographical concentration indexes of the protected areas are all above the completely average value of 37.796, which means the spatial distribution is concentrated. Among which the distribution of nature reserves is more maldistribution than the national parks, mainly distribute in China, Nepal, and India. The kernel density estimation showed that the protected areas were highly grouping in the transboundary of China-Nepal and China-India. Since the 1930 s, more and more countries in this region have established protected areas especially since the 1980 s, and now they have formed the most noted protection aggregation stripe. This paper is significant to the research of transboundary cooperation between the national parks in the Karakoram-Himalaya region in the future.

关 键 词：生态区 保护地 国家公园 自然保护区 空间格局 喀喇昆仑山-喜马拉雅山脉地区 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]