侵占城郊型林地的生态环境损害案例分析及评估方法  

Case study and evaluation method of eco-environmental damage caused by occupation of suburban forest land

作　　者：叶脉 陈佳亮 林伟彪 叶晓倞 汪元凤 张雪琦 吕晨璨 李善麟 董仁才[2] YE Mai;CHEN Jialiang;LIN Weibiao;YE Xiaojing;WANG Yuanfeng;ZHANG Xueqi;Lü Chencan;LI Shanlin;DONG Rencai(Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences,Guangzhou 510045,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省环境科学研究院,广州510045 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第3期966-974,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2016YFC0503605);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)资助(XDA23030403)。

摘　　要：城市周边森林生态系统不断被蚕食,导致生态系统功能退化,严重威胁到城市的生态安全。增强"环境有价,损害担责,应赔尽赔"理念和提升城市生态系统质量势在必行。结合某城市一宗非法侵占近郊林地案,首先完整和系统地分析了生态环境损害鉴定评估流程:包括接受委托、初步调查、方案设计、时空范围确定、基线确认、因果关系分析、损害确认等,直至形成评估结果并被法院采纳,以期凝练总结针对城市生态系统的生态环境损害鉴定评估业务化流程。结合本案破坏行为持续时间长(约为13年),涉案林地面积逐年递增(从最初的6550 m^(2)到最终的24040 m^(2))等特点,以周边同期未破坏林地为"对照样地",通过实地调查及相关资料分析,确定损害基线种群密度(2066株/hm^(2))、林分高度(6.4 m)、生物量(104600 kg/hm^(2))等关键参数,最终计算生态环境损害价值量为2182573元。研究侵占城郊型林地生态环境损害典型案例,对突显城市生态系统损害案件的鉴定评估环节具有重要引领作用。The forest ecosystem around the city is constantly occupied upon, resulting in the degradation of ecosystem functions, which seriously threatens the urban ecological security. The concept of "the environment is valuable, the damage is liable, and all losses should be paid" is a solid institutional guarantee to solve the unreasonable situation of "enterprise pollution, mass victimization, government pays the bill", improve the quality of the eco-environment, and meet the people′s growing demand for a beautiful eco-environment. And it is imperative to practice this concept and improve the quality of the urban ecosystem. Different environmental pollution and ecological destruction behaviors will have serious impacts on the natural environment, and for a complex ecosystem with a high degree of social-economic-natural combination like a city, the consequences of eco-environmental damage are also more complicated. Due to the complexity and integrity of the ecosystem, partial damage to the ecosystem will lead to the loss of the integrity of the ecosystem and the loss of various original ecosystem functions, so it is difficult to obtain full compensation. As the beneficiaries of urban ecosystem services are mainly people in urban areas, many of its service values are subjective. Therefore, the baseline confirmation, scope investigation, physical quantity accounting, and value analysis of urban eco-environment damage require special identification and evaluation systems. It is urgent to form a complete urban eco-environment damage assessment system.Based on an illegal occupation of a city in the suburban forest land, firstly, we completely and systematically analyzed the process of eco-environment damage identification and assessment, including acceptance of commission, preliminary investigation, project design, determination of time and space scope, baseline confirmation, causality analysis, damage confirmation, and the evaluation results being formed and adopted by the court, with the view to summarize the business pr

关 键 词：生态环境损害 鉴定评估 侵占林地 城市生态系统 价值评估 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]