松嫩平原苍鹭秋季栖息地选择及适宜性分布  

Habitat suitability assessment and habitat selection of the Grey heron(Ardea cinerea)during autumn in Songnen Plain,China

作　　者：孙雪莹 李祎斌 吴庆明[1] 徐卓 高晓冬[3] 李玉春 柳旭 邹红菲[1] 李晓民[1] SUN Xueying;LI Yibin;WU Qingming;XU Zhuo;GAO Xiaodong;LI Yuchun;LIU Xu;ZOU Hongfei;LI Xiaomin(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Heilongjiang Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Qiqihaer 161000,China;College of Life Science,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China;Yantai Forest Resources Monitoring and Protection Service Center,Yantai 264001,China;Heilongjiang Baoqing Dongsheng Nature Reserve,Baoqing 155600,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局,齐齐哈尔161000 [3]曲阜师范大学生命科学学院,曲阜273165 [4]烟台市森林资源监测保护服务中心,烟台264001 [5]黑龙江省宝清东升自然保护区管理局,宝清155600

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第7期2877-2885,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31401978);教育部中央高校基本科研业务费(2572019BE04,2572017CA16)。

摘　　要：苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)是松嫩平原湿地的常见鸟种,松嫩平原也是苍鹭重要的栖息地。为了了解苍鹭潜在栖息地的适宜性分布,利用GPS/GSM卫星跟踪技术,结合遥感影像和地理信息系统,应用Maxent模型对松嫩平原苍鹭秋季潜在的栖息地进行了评价,并对其适宜性分布进行了分析。结果显示:水源距离和绿度指数是影响松嫩平原苍鹭秋季栖息地适宜性的重要环境变量;松嫩平原内苍鹭适宜栖息地面积为2761.06 km^(2)(占研究区域的1.24%),主要分布在大庆(756.86 km^(2),占适宜栖息地面积的27.41%)、白城(537.14 km^(2),占适宜栖息地面积的19.45%)、齐齐哈尔(439.43 km^(2),占适宜栖息地面积的15.92%)等地市行政区,以大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县(429.90 km^(2),占适宜栖息地面积的15.57%)、白城市镇赉县(334.92 km^(2),占适宜栖息地面积的12.13%)、大庆市肇源县(185.54 km^(2),占适宜栖息地面积的6.72%)等县级行政区为主;其中,15.79%的适宜栖息地依次受到莫莫格保护区(10.34%)、扎龙保护区(3.47%)、向海保护区(0.67%)、查干湖保护区(0.54%)、大布苏保护区(0.41%)、乌裕尔河保护区(0.36%)等国家级自然保护区的保护。建议对未受到保护的零星小面积栖息地给与更多关注。Songnen plain is the important plain in Northeast,China,and located in the middle part of the East Asian⁃Australasian Avian Migration Route which is the most key avian migration route of nine avian migration routes around the world.And this avian migration route possessed the biggest population number migratory birds and the most endangered avian species.Of them,Grey heron is a common bird species in Songnen Plain that is also an important habitat for the Grey heron.In order to understand the suitable distribution of Grey heron potential habitat in autumn,the potential habitat and its suitability distribution of Grey herons in Songnen Plain was analyzed by Maxent model and GPS/GSM satellite tracking technology,remote sensing,and Geographic Information System.The results showed that(1)the distance to water body and greenness index were the important environmental variables that affected the habitat suitability of Grey herons during autumn in Songnen Plain.(2)The suitable habitat area for Grey herons was 2761.06 km^(2)(1.24%of Songnen plain area),mainly distributed in Daqing city(756.86 km^(2),27.41%of suitable habitat area),Baicheng city(537.14 km^(2),19.45%of suitable habitat area),Qiqihar city(439.43 km^(2),15.92%of suitable habitat area),and Buerbote Mongolian Nationality Autonomous County of Daqing city(429.90 km^(2),15.57%of suitable habitat area),Zhenlai county of Baicheng city(334.92 km^(2),12.13%of suitable habitat area),and Zhaoyuan county of Daqing city(185.54 km^(2),6.72%of suitable habitat area).(3)Among them,15.79%of the suitable habitat areas were successively protected by Momoge nature reserve(10.34%),Zhalong nature reserve(3.47%),Xianghai nature reserve(0.67%),Chagan lake nature reserve(0.54%),Dabusu nature reserve(0.41%),and Wuyuer river nature reserve(0.36%).Based on the above research results,these habitats with small area for Grey heron should be paid more attention,and is maybe the most key habitat that can support habitat element for Grey heron.

关 键 词：苍鹭 最大熵模型 秋季栖息地 适宜性分布 松嫩平原 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]