《民法典》保证期间制度的另一种解释可能——以继续性合同原理为视角  

Alternative interpretation of the guarantee period system in the Civil Code:A Perspective of Continuing Contract Doctrine

作　　者：王文军 WANG Wenjun

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期26-41,共16页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“民法典编纂视野下合同联立问题研究”(18BFX122)。

摘　　要：保证合同为继续性合同,保证债务不仅体现在代负履行责任(代为履行或者代负责任)的承担上,更存在于保证人以其责任财产准备承担可能产生的责任之状态中。保证期间为保证合同的存续期限。继续性债务必有其终结,故在当事人未约定保证期间时,有必要设置法定保证期间。保证期间自保证合同生效时起算,其届满受制于主债务履行期。在一般保证中,代负履行责任的请求亦应向保证人提出。保证期间并非权利行使的时间限制,与诉讼时效适用于不同的领域。保证合同的诉讼时效自保证债务转化为代负履行责任且保证人不履行时起算。不论一般或连带保证,保证合同的诉讼时效均受主合同诉讼时效中止、中断的影响。As a guarantee contract is a continuing contract,obligations of the guarantor are not only the assumption of the liabilities for the debtors but also the status of the potential liabilities that the guarantor and its properties are exposed to the debtors.In addition,guarantee period is the period during which the guarantee contract is effective and when the properties of the guarantor are in the exposure status.Thus,there must be an end to obligations under continuing contracts.As such,when the parties are silent in the guarantee period,it would be appropriate for the statutory guarantee period to step in.The guarantee period starts upon the effectiveness of the guarantee contract and its expiration is subject to the period during which the principal obligations shall be performed.Upon that the guarantor has secondary obligations to the creditor,the claims for performing the guarantee obligations shall also be made to guarantor.Guarantee period applies to different areas compared with prescription.The prescription for a guarantee contract shall start from the failure of the guarantor to perform its obligations for the debtor.For both the guarantee where the guarantor has secondary obligations to the creditor and the guarantee where the guarantor and the debtor are jointly and severally liable to the creditor,the prescription for the guarantee contract will be affected by the suspension and renewal of the prescription of the principal contract.

关 键 词：保证期间 继续性合同 责任财产准备状态 合同存续期限 诉讼时效 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]