从一般评价义到情态义和具体评价义——“好”的语法化和“好V”的词汇化规律  

From General Evaluation to Modality and Specific Evaluation——the Grammaticalization of“Hao(好)”and the Lexicalization of“Hao(好)V”

作　　者：尹会霞 Yin Huixia(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《现代语文》2021年第1期38-45,共8页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：评价范畴与情态范畴是语言中的两大重要范畴,两者之间存在密切关系,表现之一是评价义可以演变为情态义。一般评价义形容词“好”演变产生情态义有两种方式:一是直接语法化为情态助动词;二是与其他成分一起语法化为情态副词。溯因推理和间接言语行为推理是该语义演变的重要机制,而汉语中“形容词直接作状语”和“受事主语句”的广泛存在则为该语义演变提供了句法条件。“好V”词汇化为表示具体评价义的复合形容词,需要满足“NP_(受)+好V_(功用)”格式,物性角色在其中起到关键作用。Evaluation and modality are two important categories in language.There is a close relationship between them,one of which is manifested in the transformation of evaluation into modality.There are two ways for general evaluative adjective“hao(好)”to generate modal meaning,one is to grammaticalize into modal auxiliary verb directly;the other is to grammaticalize into modal adverb together with other components.Abductive reasoning and indirect speech act reasoning are important mechanisms of this semantic evolution.The widespread existence of“adjective functioning as adverbials directly”and“the patient occurring in the subject position without inflectional change”in Chinese provide syntactic conditions for this process.“Hao(好)V”must satisfy the“NP_(patient)+hao(好)V_(telic)”format before it can be further lexicalized into specific evaluative adjectives,and the qualia role plays a vital role in the process.

关 键 词：评价义 情态义 语义演变 物性角色 复合形容词 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]