群落/生态系统功能多样性研究方法及展望  

Community/Ecosystem Functional Diversity:measurements and development

作　　者：韩涛涛 唐玄 任海[1] 王俊[1] 刘楠[1] 郭勤峰[4] HAN Taotao;TANG Xuan;REN Hai;WANG Jun;LIU Nan;GUO Qinfeng(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center,USDA Forest Service,RTP,NC 27709,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园广东省应用植物学重点实验室,广州510650 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]美国农业部东部森林威胁评估中心,RTP,NC 27709

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第8期3286-3295,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570422,31570585);中国科学院战略先导科技专项(A类)(XDA13020505)。

摘　　要：功能多样性是指影响群落/生态系统功能的物种性状值和范围,是解释和预测生态系统结构和功能的有效手段之一,可将植物个体尺度与群落尺度和生态系统尺度的相关生态学问题联系起来。虽已发展出多种功能多样性定量化研究方法,但不同方法结果差异较大,难以进行多研究间的比较研究。比较探讨各功能多样性研究方法的优缺点有利于拓展功能多样性内涵,也有助于功能生态学的应用与发展。回顾了当前10种功能多样性的定量化研究方法,并指出选取合适功能多样性方法的关键在于,应考虑选取群落/生态系统中的哪些物种、哪些功能性状、选取的功能性状数目、以及如何对功能性状权重等。对比发现,功能分散性指数和Rao二次熵系数的研究方法在众多方法中优势明显,具有较高的应用潜力;标准化功能多样性的研究方法在未来仍需进一步完善。利用功能多样性指数预测群落/生态系统过程和功能当前仍多侧重于理论研究,野外实证研究较为缺乏,是功能生态学未来研究的重点和难点之一。Functional diversity is a component of biodiversity reflecting the value and range of functional traits of species in a community or ecosystem.It can be used effectively to measure,explain and predict ecosystem function.Although many quantitative methods of functional diversity have been developed,the results of these methods are quite inconsistent and it is difficult to conduct a comparative study among them.Comparing and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the main quantitative methods of functional diversity could be beneficial to expand the connotation of functional diversity and to promote its application and development.In this study,we reviewed 10 quantifying research methods of the functional diversity and examined in which way the functional diversity could be employed to explain and predict the effects of organisms on ecosystem functions,thereby providing a mechanistic link between the individual and the community/ecosystem scale.The key to develop effective methods for measuring functional diversity is to consider which species,what and how many traits should be used and weighted,among other considerations.By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the 10 methods,we suggested that the measurement of functional diversity should meet the following criteria:(1)It can basically represent the functional diversity characteristics of the community/ecosystem;(2)It can calculate the qualitative,semi-quantitative and quantitative type of functional trait data;(3)It has no strict limitation for the trait data,e.g.,the missing value and non-monotonous data should be allowed in the dataset;(4)Multiple functional traits data can be considered or calculated simultaneously;(5)The influence of species weight in the community/ecosystem can be considered;(6)Different communities/ecosystems can be compared by the method;(7)The intraspecific variance of functional traits can be considered;(8)The calculation is simple,easy to understand,and practical.Among the 10 functional diversity measurements,the functi

关 键 词：功能多样性 植物性状 生态系统过程 生态系统功能 功能多样性指数 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]