模拟酸雨及秸秆添加对农田土壤微生物呼吸及酶活性的影响  

Effects of simulated acid rain and straw amendment on microbial respiration and enzyme activities of farmland soil

作　　者：张旭 陈书涛[3] 陈桂发[1,2] 蔡敏[1,2] 周丽 崔娜欣 邹国燕 ZHANG Xu;CHEN Shu-tao;CHEN Gui-fa;CAI Min;ZHOU Li;CUI Na-xin;ZOU Guo-yan(Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection Research,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture,Shanghai 201415,China;School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201415 [3]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第4期823-832,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：上海市农委科技兴农项目(2019-02-08-00-12-F01136);国家自然科学基金项目(41375006)。

摘　　要：为研究模拟酸雨及秸秆添加对农田土壤微生物呼吸及酶活性的影响,通过室内培养试验,设置4个模拟酸雨强度,分别为去离子水(pH 6.7)、pH 4.0、pH 3.0和pH 2.0,每个模拟酸雨pH下设置0、0.6、1.2、1.8 g共4个秸秆添加量,观测不同处理下土壤微生物呼吸的动态变化,并在培养试验结束后测定不同处理下的土壤转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及pH值。结果表明:不同模拟酸雨pH和秸秆添加量与土壤微生物呼吸之间的关系均可用一元线性方程描述,其P值均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。双因素方差分析结果表明,不同模拟酸雨pH和秸秆添加量处理下的土壤微生物呼吸均存在极显著差异(P<0.001),但两者对土壤微生物呼吸无显著交互影响。土壤转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与秸秆添加量均呈显著(P<0.05)正相关关系。土壤微生物呼吸与过氧化氢酶活性存在极显著(P<0.001)线性正相关关系,与转化酶活性存在显著(P<0.05)线性正相关关系。基于转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的双因子模型比单纯线性模型提高了对土壤微生物呼吸变异的解释量(R2=0.955,P<0.001)。研究表明,短期模拟酸雨降低了土壤微生物呼吸和过氧化氢酶活性,这可能意味着短期酸雨会抑制土壤物质循环过程,对农田生态系统造成负面影响。In order to investigate the effects of simulated acid rain(SAR)and straw amendment on soil microbial respiration(SMR)and the enzyme activities of farmland,an indoor incubation experiment was performed.Four SAR treatments were set up with different pH values of 6.7,4.0,3.0,and 2.0.Furthermore,there were four straw amendment treatments for each SAR treatment.The dynamic changes of SMR were measured.The invertase activities,catalase activities,and pH of the soil for different treatments were also measured after the incubation experiment.The results showed that the pH values under the different SAR and straw amendment treatments were significantly(P<0.05)and linearly correlated with SMR.Two-way ANOVA showed that SAR and straw amendment significantly(P<0.001)influenced SMR,whereas these two factors had no significant combined impacts on SMR(P>0.05).The invertase and catalase activities were positively correlated with the amounts of the amended straw.A simple linear regression model could explain the relationship between SMR and catalase activity(P<0.001)and that between SMR and invertase activity(P=0.028).A binary linear regression model(P<0.001,R2=0.955)based on invertase and catalase activities was better able to explain the variations in SMR than the simple linear regression model.It can be concluded that short-term SAR reduced SMR and catalase activity,suggesting that short-term acid rain may inhibit the processes of soil matter cycling and has negative impacts on agroecosystems.

关 键 词：农田 土壤微生物呼吸 模拟酸雨 秸秆 酶活性 黄棕壤 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] X517[农业科学—农业基础科学]