天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川东支能量-物质平衡模拟研究  

Study on the energy-mass balance simulation of the east branch of the Urumqi Glacier No.1,Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：李宏亮 王璞玉 李忠勤 金爽[1] 徐春海 梁鹏斌 岳晓英 羊旻 LI Hongliang;WANG Puyu;LI Zhongqin;Shuang JIN;XU Chunhai;LIANG Pengbin;YUE Xiaoying;YANG Min(State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川观测试验站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2021年第1期24-35,共12页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771077);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作研究项目(41761134093);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA20020102)资助。

摘　　要：基于天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川东支海拔4025m处自动气象站的观测数据和同期物质平衡花杆观测数据,采用COSIMA模型,对该冰川东支2018年消融期单点能量-物质平衡进行了模拟。结果显示:物质平衡模拟值为(-0.67±0.03)m w.e.,与实测值有非常好的一致性,相关系数达0.96。造成冰川消融的能量来源于净短波辐射(84%)、感热通量(16%);冰川能量支出为净长波辐射(55%)、冰川消融耗热(32%)、潜热交换(7%)及地热通量(6%)。受能量收支影响,模拟物质平衡主要取决于表面消融和固态降水。与我国其他区域大陆型冰川研究结果比较发现,乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质损失较为显著,能量通量主要取决于海拔以及气候条件,再冻结和固态降水显著小于羌塘1号冰川和扎当冰川,推测与单条冰川所处的大气环流有关。Glacier ablation can be described using energy-mass balance models.This paper conducts an energy budget experiment to quantify energy components in the Urumqi Glacier No.1,Tianshan Mountains.Based on the automatic weather station(4025 m a.s.l.)observation data and mass balance field survey data by five individual ablation stakes on the east branch of the glacier,the single-point energy-mass balance was simulated by"COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and MAss balance model"(COSIMA)during the ablation season in 2018.Results showed that the modelled accumulative mass balance was(-0.67±0.03)m w.e.during the study period,which agreed well with the in-situ observation.The correlation coefficient between both reached to0.96.The main energy component causing the glacier ablation were net shortwave radiation(84%)and sensible heat flux(16%).The main energy expenditure were the net longwave radiation(55%),the heat flux for snow/ice ablation(32%),latent heat flux(7%)and ground heat flux(6%).Affected by energy budget,modelled accumulative mass balance mainly depended on surface melt and snowfall.Comparing with the other continental glaciers in China,it is found that mass loss of the Urumqi Glacier No.1 was more significant and that energy fluxes mainly depends on altitude and climatic conditions.In addition,the refreezing and snowfall on the Urumqi Glacier No.1 were significantly less than that on the Qiangtang No.1 Glacier and Zhadang Glacier,probably due to the atmospheric circulation over the single glacier.These findings will enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of glacier changes.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川 消融期 能量平衡 物质平衡 模拟 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]