大分子有机物对除磷颗粒污泥特性及菌群结构的影响  

Effects of macromolecular organic matters on the characteristics and bacterial community structure of the phosphorus removal granular sludge

作　　者：陈希 袁乙卜 张建民 郭英明 吕景花 杨锐龙 胡彬 CHEN Xi;YUAN Yibu;ZHANG Jianmin;GUO Yingming;Lü Jinghua;YANG Ruilong;HU Bing(School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048;College of Environment,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学城市规划与市政工程学院,西安710048 [2]河南师范大学环境学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2021年第4期1309-1322,共14页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项项目(No.16JK1344,18JK0359);西安工程大学博士科研启动课题项目(No.107020245);陕西省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.S201910709059)。

摘　　要：分别采用NaAc(R1)、NaAc+胰蛋白胨(R2)和可溶性淀粉+胰蛋白胨(R3)为碳源模拟生活污水,研究大分子有机物对除磷颗粒污泥特性及菌群结构的影响.结果表明,在培养初期,大分子有机物有利于除磷污泥的凝聚,随着大分子有机物含量的增多,除磷污泥的颗粒化速度依次加快,经过120 d的培养R3反应器最先实现颗粒化.系统稳定后,3个反应器中成熟颗粒污泥的平均粒径分别为500、400和300μm, SVI30在45 mL·g^(-1)上下波动,R2和R3的大分子有机物系统中存在少量絮体污泥.所有系统对COD、PO^(3-)_(4)-P和NH^(+)_(4)-N的去除率分别达到90%、95%和99%以上.扫描电镜观察显示,R1系统颗粒污泥密实,表面光滑,主要由球菌组成;R2、R3系统污泥表面呈毛毯状,R2系统污泥以丝状菌为骨架,表面附有大量球菌和杆菌,R3系统污泥由球菌、杆菌和丝状菌共同组成.16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果显示,碳源的不同导致各颗粒污泥系统细菌群落呈现较大差异.NaAc易促进酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)的生长,而胰蛋白胨和可溶性淀粉这类大分子有机物有利于拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的生长.在属水平,Defluviicoccus这一偏好乙酸盐的传统聚糖菌为R1系统的优势菌群,而水解菌Cloacibacterium及发酵型聚磷菌Tessaracoccus为R3系统的优势菌群.各系统中均未检测到传统聚磷菌Candidatus Accumulibacter.The effects of macromolecular organics matters on the characteristics and bacterial community structure of phosphorus removal granular sludge were studied, in which NaAc(R1), NaAc + tryptone(R2), and soluble starch + tryptone(R3) were respectively used as carbon source to simulate the municipal wastewater. In the early stage of cultivation, macromolecular organic matters were conducive to the aggregation of phosphorus removal sludge. With the increase of the content of macromolecular organic matters, the granulation speed of phosphorus removal sludge accelerated in turn. After 120 days of cultivation, the sludge in R3 system was the earliest to achieve granulation. When the systems were stable, the average particle sizes of mature granular sludge were respectively 500, 400 and 300 μm, the SVI30 values fluctuated around 45 mL·g^(-1), and a small amount of flocs can be found in the R2 and R3 systems due to the macromolecular organic matters in the influent. The removal efficiencies of COD, PO^(3-)_(4)-P and NH^(+)_(4)-N in all the systems were higher than 90%, 95% and 99%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the granular sludge of the R1 system was dense and the surface was mainly composed of cocci. The surfaces of the sludge in the R2 and R3 systems were both blanket-like. The sludge in the R2 system was based on filamentous bacteria, and a large number of cocci and bacilli attached to the surface. The sludge in the R3 system was composed of cocci, bacillus and filamentous bacteria. The results of 16 S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing showed that the different carbon sources resulted in significant differences in the bacterial communities among the three systems. NaAc easily promoted the growth of Acidobacteria, while macromolecular organic matter such as tryptone and soluble starch were beneficial to the growth of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Defluvicoccus, a traditional glycogen accumulating organisms which preferred acetate, was the dominant bacteria

关 键 词：大分子有机物 除磷颗粒污泥 沉降性能 脱氮除磷 菌群结构 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]