丹江口库区不同坡度对土壤肥力特征的影响  

Soil fertility characteristics of different slopes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area

作　　者：张君 蔡德宝 杨树琼 陈秀文 陈吉宝 ZHANG Jun;CAI De-bao;YANG Shu-qiong;CHEN Xiu-wen;CHEN Ji-bao(Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of Sourth-to-North Diversion Project,Nanyang Henan 473061;School of Water and Environment Engineering,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang Henan 473061)

机构地区：[1]河南省南水北调中线水源区水安全河南省协同创新中心,河南南阳473061 [2]南阳师范学院水资源与环境工程学院,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第2期32-38,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(202102310076);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20B210015);校级博士专项(190206)。

摘　　要：丹江口库区是典型的农业区域,随着库区社会经济的发展,农业生产对库区生态环境的影响不断提升,掌握土壤肥力特征及坡度对其的影响,为优化丹江口农田土壤质量和提高养分效率提供科学依据。选择丹江口库区淅川县为研究区,基于不同坡度下采集160个土壤样点进行调查和综合分析,可定量地评估农田坡度对土壤肥力的影响。结果显示,淅川县农田土壤养分处于中等水平,与全量养分相比,土壤有效养分变异系数较大,土壤有效磷和碱解氮分别为1.10和0.40;不同坡度条件下,农田土壤肥力指标存在显著性差异,与10~15°农田相比,0~5和5~10°农田有机质含量分别增加27.1%和17.2%,且0~5和5~10°农田土壤有效磷含量分别增加52.7%和115%,有效磷流失较为严重;结合CCA分析表明土壤肥力指标能较好地响应土壤坡度变化程度。因此,研究区>10°的农田土壤的养分易淋溶,水土流失严重,原因是土壤有效磷具有流失风险,为了维持丹江口库区生态平衡,应将>10°的农田区域作为土壤改良重要区域;将0~10°农田区域作为灌河流域土壤质量管理的重点对象。The Danjiangkou Reservoir is a typical agricultural area,with the development of the socio-economic development of the Reservoir,the impact of agricultural production on the ecological environment of the Reservoir has been continuously improved.Clarifying the soil fertility characteristics and the effects of slope on the nutrient loss can provides a scientific basis for improving the soil quality and nutrient efficiency.Xichuan county of Danjiangkou Reservoir area was selected as the research area,160 soil samples were investigated and collected from different slopes,and comprehensive analysis was achieved to quantitatively evaluate the impact of farmland slope on soil fertility.The results showed that the soil nutrients in farmland with different slopes were at a medium level,compared with the total amount of nutrients,the coefficient of variation of soil available nutrients were larger,the soil available phosphorus and soil alkaline nitrogen were 1.10 and 0.40,respectively.Under different slope conditions,the soil fertility index of farmland were significantly different,compared with 10~15°farmland,the organic matter content of 0~5 and 5~10°farmland increased by 27.1%and 17.2%,respectively,and the available phosphorus content of 0~5 and 5~10°farmland soil increased by 52.7%and 115%,respectively.Combined with CCA analysis,it showed that the soil fertility index had a good respond to the degree of soil slope.Therefore,the nutrients in the farmland soil>10°in the study area are easy to be leaching,and the soil and water loss is serious.To maintain the ecological balance of the Danjiangkou Reservoir area,farmland areas>10°should be used as important areas for soil improvement and key objects of management.

关 键 词：淅川县 pH 有机质 土壤养分 肥力 评价 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]