水肥耦合对冬马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on yield and water use efficiency of winter potato

作　　者：肖石江[3] 普红梅[1,2] 王鑫 吴琼芬 梁淑敏[1,2] 高森[3] 张磊 隋启君[1,2] 李燕山[1,2] XIAO Shi-jiang;PU Hong-mei;WANG Xin;WU Qiong-fen;LIANG Shu-min;GAO Sen;ZHANG Lei;SUI Qi-jun;LI Yan-shan(Industrial Crops Reseach Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Potato and Rapeseed in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming Yunnan 650205;The Center for Agricultural Technology Extension in Luliang County of Yunnan Province,Luliang Yunnan 655600)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]农业农村部云贵高原马铃薯与油菜科学观测实验站,云南昆明650205 [3]陆良县农业技术推广中心,云南陆良655600

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第2期133-140,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200800);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-10-P07);云南省应用基础研究青年项目(2017FD016);云南省马铃薯工程技术研究工程中心(2011DH018);云南省马铃薯育种及种薯繁育技术创新团队项目(2011CI133)。

摘　　要：通过田间试验,以灌水量、施氮量(N)、施钾量(K_2O)为试验因素,采用三因子五水平二次通用旋转组合设计,研究了滴灌施肥条件下,不同灌水量和施肥量对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)灌水量和施氮量均对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率有极显著影响,且施氮量主效应大于灌水量,而施钾量主效应不显著;(2)单因素效应分析结果表明:马铃薯产量和水分利用效率均随灌水量和施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势;(3)水氮交互作用对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率均有极显著影响,合理的水氮配合可以促进马铃薯产量形成和水肥资源高效利用,较高灌水量与较高施氮量配合产量最高,中高灌水量与较高施氮量配合水分利用效率最高。在本试验条件下,马铃薯目标产量在48000~60000 kg·hm~(-2)之间最佳水肥方案为:灌水量1569.0~1671.0 m~3·hm~(-2)、施氮量288.0~327.0 kg·hm~(-2)、施钾量163.5~196.5 kg·hm~(-2),在该水肥管理下可获得较高的水分利用效率,其水分利用效率达178.88~179.03 kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1)。Using the amount of water,nitrogen(N)and potassium(K2O)as the experimental factors,the three-factor five-level two-purpose rotation combination was designed by field experiments to study the effects of different irrigation and fertilization on potato yield and water utilization efficiency under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization.The results showed that:(1)Both irrigation and nitrogen application had significant effects on potato yield and water use efficiency,and the main effect of nitrogen application was greater than that of irrigation,while the main effect of potassium application was not significant;(2)The results of single factor effect analysis showed that the yield and water use efficiency of potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen application;(3)The interaction between water and nitrogen had a significant impact on potato yield and water utilization efficiency.Reasonable water-nitrogen combination could promote potato yield formation and efficient utilization of water fertilizer resources,high irrigation combined with higher nitrogen application led to the highest yield,medium or high irrigation combined with higher nitrogen application led to the highest water utilization efficiency.Under the experimental conditions,the optimal water and fertilizer schemes for the target yield of potato between 48000 and 60000 kg·hm-2 were managed by irrigation of 1569.0~1671.0 m3·hm-2,nitrogen application of 288.0~327.0 kg·hm-2 and potassium application of 163.5~196.5 kg·hm-2.Under the water and fertilizer management,the water use efficiency of potato could reach 178.88~179.03 kg·hm-2·mm-1.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 冬马铃薯 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]