不同施肥处理下菠萝生长及经济效益分析  

Analysis on pineapple production and economic benefit under different fertilization treatments

作　　者：杨婷婷 金鑫[1] 王禹童 韩忠钰 杨劲明 邓燕[1] 孟磊[1] YANG Ting-ting;JIN Xin;WANG Yu-tong;HAN Zhong-yu;YANG Jin-ming;DENG Yan;MENG Lei(College of Tropical Crops Hainan University,Haihou Hainan 570100)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第2期170-177,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：海南农业面源污染减排技术研究与示范项目(ZDKJ2017002)。

摘　　要：海南省菠萝种植普遍存在施肥过量的问题,为探索合理的施肥模式,采用田间试验方法,设计空白对照(CK)、农户常规(FP)、化肥减量(OPT1)、化肥减量+有机肥替代(OPT2)4个不同施肥处理,探讨不同施肥处理下菠萝的生物量、产量、品质和经济效益。试验结果表明:施肥能够增加菠萝干物质量,菠萝总干物质积累量排序依次为OPT2>OPT1>FP>CK,与CK相比,OPT2、OPT1、FP增幅分别达到120.05%、113.53%和99.74%。产量OPT2>OPT1>FP>CK,相较于FP处理,OPT2与OPT1分别增产6.66%和6.53%,表明2个优化施肥模式均能保证产量。在品质指标中,施肥处理的单果鲜重、纵径、横径和纵横比都显著高于CK,而FP、OPT1和OPT2之间无显著性差异,表明施肥能够显著改善果实的外观品质;CK处理的可滴定酸和维生素C含量都显著高于FP、OPT1和OPT2,可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量在各处理之间无差异,糖酸比则是CK显著低于其他3个施肥处理,表明施肥能改善果实内在品质。肥料投入FP>OPT2>OPT1>CK,净收益OPT1>OPT2>FP>CK,OPT1的净收益分别比CK、FP、OPT2高111.27%、21.33%、5.21%,OPT1产投比最大,高达4.74∶1。与农户常规施肥相比,两种优化施肥处理减少了养分投入,经济效益增加,并且产量和品质没有下降。综合产量、品质和经济效益三方面考虑可以得出,化肥减量(OPT1)是本试验条件下菠萝种植的一种理想施肥处理。Pineapple production in Hainan province faces a widespread problem of over-fertilization.This study aims to explore a reasonable fertilization practice.A field experiment was conducted including four treatments:no fertilization control(CK),farmer’s practice(FP),reduced chemical fertilization(OPT1)and reduced chemical fertilization+organic fertilization(OPT2).Plant dry matter,yield,fruit quality and economic benefit were compared under different treatments.As the results shown,fertilization increased pineapple plant dry matter in the order of OPT2>OPT1>FP>CK,with OPT2,OPT1 and FP increasing by 120.05%,113.53%and 99.74%compared to CK,respectively.Pineapple yield was in the order of OPT2>OPT1>FP>CK,with OPT2 and OPT1 increasing by 6.66%and 6.53%compared to FP,respectively.Compared to CK,three fertilization treatments significantly increased fruit appearance quality in terms of fresh weight per fruit,fruit height,fruit width and fruit height/width ratio,with no difference occurring between three fertilization treatments.Also,compared with CK,fruits under FP,OPT1 and OPT2 had lower levels of titrable acid and vitamin C,and similar levels of soluble solid and soluble sugar,making a higher sugar/acid ratio.Fertilizer cost was in the order of FP>OPT2>OPT1>CK,while net income was in the order of OPT1>OPT2>FP>CK.Net income under OPT1 increased by 111.27%,21.33%and 5.21%compared with CK,FP and OPT2,respectively,and OPT1 displayed the highest output/input ratio of 4.74∶1.In conclusion,fertilizer application increased pineapple growth and yield.Compared to farmer’s practice,reduced chemical fertilization had the potential to increase net income without reducing yield and fruit quality.Considering the yield,fruit quality and economic benefit,reduced chemical fertilization(OPT1)was a reasonable fertilization practice for pineapple production under current situation.

关 键 词：施肥处理 菠萝 产量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]