不同类型氮肥对番茄穴盘基质育苗的影响  

Effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on tomato plug seedling

作　　者：刘新红[1] 宋修超[1] 马艳[1] 罗佳[1] 郭德杰[1] LIU Xin-hong;SONG Xiu-chao;MA Yan;LUO Jia;GUO De-jie(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment at the Lower Reach of the Yangtze River Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏省农业科学院农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第2期228-233,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划项目[CX(17)2025];江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系废弃资源利用创新团队项目(JATS[2018]209)

摘　　要：为了明确不同类型氮肥在穴盘基质育苗中的效果,向中药渣废弃物育苗基质中施用不同类型氮肥进行番茄育苗,研究育苗完成后成苗生长指标参数。结果表明,施用氨基酸氮肥和化学氮肥均显著增加叶绿素SPAD值(6.4%和8.4%)和幼苗茎粗(2.5%和3.8%)。氨基酸氮肥较不施肥对照和化学氮肥显著增加了成苗的地下部干重(17.9%和22.2%)、地上部干重(17.4%和18.7%)以及壮苗指数(16.4%和20.1%);显著增加了根表面积(13.3%和18.5%)、平均直径(38.9%和25.0%)、根长(10.4%和31.5%)和根体积(6.3%和13.3%)。与对照相比较,施用化学铵态氮肥对幼苗地上部、地下部干重和壮苗指数没有显著影响,但降低了根表面积和单位体积根长。此外,施用氨基酸氮肥较对照显著增加了细根相关参数在相应参数总值中的占比,细根表面积增幅22.9%,根长增幅20.8%,根体积增幅49.6%。由此可见,在育苗基质中应用氨基酸氮肥能够改变根系形态结构并实现壮苗目标,值得进一步研究并在规模生产中推广应用。In this study,plug seedling experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on substrate seedling,using amino acid nitrogen fertilizer(AA),chemical ammonium nitrogen fertilizer(CF)and seedling substrate from the Chinese traditional medicine waste,and the growth index parameters of seedlings were analyzed.Results showed that both types of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased chlorophyll SPAD value(6.4%and 8.4%)and seedling stem diameter(2.5%and 3.8%).Compared with the control and CF treatments,AA significantly improved the strong seedling index(16.4%and 20.1%),the underground dry weight(17.9%and 22.2%)and the aboveground dry weight(17.4%and 18.7%);also significantly increased the root surface(13.3%and 18.5%),average diameter(38.9%and 25.0%),root length(10.4%and 31.5%)and root volume(6.3%and 13.3%).Compared with the control,CF had not significantly effect on strong seedling indexs the dry weight of seedlings aboveground and underground,but decreased root surface and reduced root length per volume(P<0.05).Furthermore,AA significantly increased the percentage of fine root in the whole root structure.In details,root surface,root length and root volume of fine root raised by 22.9%,20.8%and 49.6%,respectively.The results indicated that AA application in seedling substrate may change the root characteristics of morphology and structure to achieve higher seedling index.This work provides technical support for fertilizer selection in the process of plug substrate seedling.

关 键 词：氨基酸氮肥 化学氮肥 穴盘育苗 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]