河西灌区绿肥对春小麦化学氮肥的替代及增产潜力初探  

Primary exploration of green manure on substitution of chemical N fertilizer and improvement of wheat yield in Hexi irrigation area

作　　者：张松茂 胡发龙[1] 殷文[1] 樊志龙[1] 柴强[1] ZHANG Song-mao;HU Fa-long;YIN Wen;FAN Zhi-long;CHAI Qiang(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/Faculty of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第2期256-261,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：针对河西灌区春小麦连作普遍、对化肥依赖过高等问题,探讨麦后复种绿肥对下茬小麦的影响,以期为试区建立基于复种绿肥的化肥减量小麦生产技术提供理论依据。2018~2019年,在河西绿洲灌区设置田间试验,研究了4种绿肥翻压量(0、15000、30000、45000 kg/hm~2)、2个施氮水平(0、180 kg/hm~2)下的小麦干物质累积及产量构成、绿肥替代化肥的短期潜力。结果表明,种植翻压绿肥第一年,绿肥还田15000、30000和45000kg/hm~2可分别替代化学氮肥11.3%、18.5%和36.5%。施氮180 kg/hm~2配合30000 kg/hm~2绿肥还田、不施氮配合45000 kg/hm~2绿肥还田2个处理的籽粒产量差异不显著,分别较施氮不复种绿肥增产18.4%和15.7%,收获指数分别增加13.0%和12.6%,穗数分别增加13.8%和14.1%,穗粒数分别增加26.8%和15.9%。施氮180 kg/hm~2配合30000 kg/hm~2绿肥还田的干物质累积量和累积速率明显高于其他处理。通径分析表明,绿肥化肥配施主要通过提高有效穗数,进一步提高穗粒数和千粒重,从而提高产量,说明施氮180 kg/hm~2配合绿肥还田30000 kg/hm~2处理通过优化小麦有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重对产量产生了调控作用。综上所述,施氮180 kg/hm~2配合绿肥还田30000 kg/hm~2是河西灌区小麦增产的可行措施。Aiming at the problems of widespread continuous cropping of spring wheat,and excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers in the Hexi irrigation areas,a study was conducted to explore the potential of green manure which multiple cropped with previous wheat on substitution of chemical N fertilizer and improvement of grain yield of next wheat.Thus it can provide theoretical basis to establish a green manure multiple cropped with chemical fertilizer reduced wheat production system in the testing area.In 2018~2019,the field experiments were set up with four levels of green manure turnover(0,15000,30000 and 45000 kg/hm2)and two levels of nitrogen application(0,180 kg/hm2)in the Hexi Oasis irrigation district,and the dry matter accumulation and yield composition of wheat were studied to reveal the short-term potential of green manure to replace chemical fertilizer.The results showed that in the first year of planting green manure,returning green manure to the field at 15000,30000 and 45000 kg/hm2 could replace chemical nitrogen fertilizers at 11.3%,18.5%and 36.5%,respectively.The grain yields of the two treatments with 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen and 30000 kg/hm2 of green manure returned to the field and 45000 kg/hm2 of green fertilizer without nitrogen were not significantly different,which increased 18.4%and 15.7%,respectively,compared with the non-replanted green manure.The harvest index increased by 13.0%and 12.6%,the number of ears increased by 13.8%and 14.1%,and the number of ears increased by 26.8%and 15.9%,respectively.The dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate of 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen combined with 30000 kg/hm2 green manure returned to the field were significantly higher than those of other treatments.Path analysis showed that the combined application of green manure and chemical fertilizers mainly increased the number of effective spikes,and further increased the number of spikes per ear and thousand kernel weight,which increased yield.It indicated that the application of 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen combined with 30

关 键 词：绿洲灌区 绿肥还田量 小麦 干物质积累 产量构成 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]