生物可降解聚乳酸用于骨修复的发展前景和研究价值  

Development prospect and research value of biodegradable poly(lactic acid)for bone repair

作　　者：刘姿辰 禹宝庆 Liu Zichen;Yu Baoqing(University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Shanghai Pudong Hospital,Fudan University Pudong Medical Center,Shanghai 201399,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,上海市200093 [2]复旦大学附属浦东医院(上海市浦东医院),上海市201399

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第34期5552-5560,共9页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：上海市浦东新区卫生系统重点学科建设项目资助(PWZxq2017-11),项目负责人:禹宝庆;上海市医学重点专科项目资助(ZK2019C01),项目负责人:禹宝庆;浦东新区卫生健康委员会临床高原学科建设(PWYgy2018-09),项目负责人:禹宝庆;国家自然科学基金项目资助(81971753),项目负责人:禹宝庆。

摘　　要：背景:在骨修复材料中,聚乳酸及其复合材料因其优异的生物降解性、生物相容性和良好的力学性能已逐渐取代了传统的金属材料,成为研究热点之一。目的:以聚乳酸及其复合材料在骨修复领域应用为典例,阐述其生物降解机制以及调控聚乳酸降解速率的方法。方法:以“聚乳酸、聚乳酸合成方法、聚乳酸及其复合材料、聚乳酸改性、生物可降解性、骨损伤修复、医用可植入材料、生物医用高分子;poly(lactic acid)、biodegradation、bone damage repair、modification of poly(lactic acid)”为关键词,检索PubMed、Web of Science、SpringerLink、Medline、万方和CNKI数据库中2000至2020年期间发表的相关文献。结果与结论:随着材料科学及组织工程的发展,聚乳酸在骨修复领域受到了广泛关注,可作为骨损伤修复材料(例如骨钉、髓内钉、手术缝合线等)来替代传统的金属材料,以克服应力遮蔽、骨质疏松及二次手术等问题。聚乳酸材料具有良好的生物相容性,可在体内逐渐降解最终成为无害的小分子被代谢排除体外。与大部分热塑性脂肪族聚酯相比,聚乳酸有着相对适中的降解速率,其降解性能与材料分子质量及分子构型、结晶度、温度、pH值和酶及辐照等因素有着密切的关系,可根据不同应用需求调节各因素,以及结合不同改性方法将材料功能化以调控降解速率,进一步增强其力学性能和生物相容性。因此在骨修复等亟需短期应用的生物工程领域,生物可降解聚乳酸具有光明的发展前景和研究价值。BACKGROUND:As recent research hotspots,poly(lactic acid)and its composite with excellent biodegradability,biocompatibility and good mechanical properties have gradually replaced the traditional metal fixation materials.OBJECTIVE:To introduce typical examples of the application of poly(lactic acid)and its composite in orthopedics,and its biodegradation mechanism,and conclude some methods to regulate the degradation ability of poly(lactic acid).METHODS:The author retrieved PubMed,Web of Science,SpringerLink,Medline,Wanfang,and CNKI databases with“poly(lactic acid),synthesis method of poly(lactic acid),poly(lactic acid)and its composite materials,poly(lactic acid)modification,biodegradability,bone damage repair,medical implantable materials,biomedical polymer”as Chinese search terms and“poly(lactic acid),biodegradation,bone damage repair,modification of poly(lactic acid)”as English search terms for relevant articles,published from 2000 to 2020.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the development of material science and tissue engineering,poly(lactic acid)has made remarkable achievements in orthopedics,which can be used as bone repair materials,such as bone nails,intramedullary nails,and surgical sutures,and is becoming as a substitute for traditional metals avoiding stress shielding,osteoporosis or secondary operation pains.Poly(lactic acid)possesses good biocompatibility,with gradual biodegradation into small molecules that can be easily expelled in vivo.Compared with most thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters,poly(lactic acid)has a relatively moderate degradation rate,and its degradation performance is closely related to the material’s molecular weight and molecular configuration,crystallinity,temperature,pH,enzymes,and irradiation.Various factors can be adjusted according to different application requirements,and the material can be functionalized by combining different modification methods to control the degradation rate and further enhance its mechanical properties and biocompatibility.Therefore,in the field of b

关 键 词：骨 材料 聚乳酸 降解性 生物可降解 生物医用材料 共混改性 成型工艺 骨修复 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318.08[医药卫生—临床医学]