水库建设对赣江流域水沙情势的影响  

Effect of reservoir construction on runoff and sediment characteristics in Ganjiang River

作　　者：胡强[1,2] 王姣 刘颖[1,2] 吴晓彬 HU Qiang;WANG Jiao;LIU Ying;WU Xiaobin(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;Jiangxi Provincial EngineeringTechnology Research Center for Hydraulic Stuctures,Nanchang 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学研究院,江西南昌330029 [2]江西省水工安全工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第4期1-5,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：江西省水利厅科技项目“江西省水库淤积风险评估方法及清淤决策研究”(2018ZDKT04);江西省水利厅科技项目“江西省堤防岸坡防护技术应用研究”(KT201749)。

摘　　要：赣江是鄱阳湖流域面积最大、输沙量最大的支流,其水沙变化对鄱阳湖入湖水沙产生重要影响。为研究水库建设对赣江流域水沙情势的影响,采用水沙过程线法、距平累积法和双累计曲线法对流域内的坝上站、吉安站和外洲站3个控制站1953~2017年的径流量和1956~2017年的输沙量进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1)截至2018年,赣江流域已建大中型水库132座,累计总库容约94.59亿m^(3)。近年来,流域水库建设进程明显加快,水库数量、总库容均有较大的提升。(2)赣江3个控制站径流量、输沙量年内变化不大,年际变化显著。年径流量序列总体无显著变化,呈现上升和下降交替变化的波动趋势;输沙量呈先增长后减少的趋势,在1990年后更为显著。(3)赣江3个控制站双累积曲线斜率转折点时间段均有大型水库建设和水土保持治理工程实施,表明赣江流域水沙特性变化与水库建设关系密切。The Ganjiang River is the largest tributary of the Poyang Lake Basin with the largest area and the largest amount of sediment transport.Variations of the runoff and sediment in Ganjiang River have an significant effect on the runoff and sediment entering the Poyang Lake.In order to study effect of reservoir construction on the runoff and sediment characteristics in the Ganjiang River Basin, the runoff and sediment process line method, anomaly accumulation method and double accumulation curve method were used to quantitatively analyze the runoff(from 1953 to 2017)and sediment(from 1956 to 2017)characteristics of Bashang station, Ji’an station and Waizhou station.The results showed that:(1) from 1953 to 2018,132 large and medium-sized reservoirs have been built in the Ganjiang River Basin, with a cumulative total storage capacity of approximately 9.459 billion m3.In recent years, construction process of reservoirs in the river basin has accelerated significantly, the numbers of reservoirs and total storage capacity have increased.(2) The runoff and sediment of 3 main control hydrologic stations have little change within the year, while interannual changes of the runoff and sediment were significant.There was no significant change in annual runoff series in general, it showed an upward and downward fluctuation trend.The sediment discharge showed increasing first and then decreasing trend, which was more significant after 1990.(3) Slope of the double-cumulative curve changed significantly because of the construction of large-scale reservoirs and water and soil conservation projects, indicating that the changes in runoff and sediment characteristics in the Ganjiang River Basin were closely related to the construction of the reservoir.

关 键 词：水沙情势 径流量 输沙量 水库建设 水沙过程线法 距平累积法 赣江流域 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]