摩擦内能对大比降山区河流水温的影响研究  

Study on influence of friction internal energy on water temperature of mountainous rivers of high gradient ratio

作　　者：钟俊 脱友才[1] 邓云[1] 张进文 程海燕 ZHONG Jun;TUO Youcai;DENG Yun;ZHANG Jinwen;CHENG Haiyan(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;CCCC Second Harbor Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]中交第二航务工程勘察设计院有限公司,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第4期95-99,共5页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502202)。

摘　　要：水流在克服阻力过程中的能量转化是大比降山区河流水温变化的重要影响因素。以雅鲁藏布江大河湾河段为研究对象,采用数学模型方法,探讨了落差引起的摩擦内能在沿程水体温升中的贡献程度。研究结果表明:(1)雅鲁藏布江大河湾河段"派镇-解放桥"沿程250 km, 6~11月干流沿程实测水温变化明显,其温升幅度范围达到1.0~4.3℃,各月估算干流增温率范围为1.9~2.1℃/100 km,干流水体增温的热源较为稳定;(2)通过计入落差转换内能的河道纵向一维水温数学模型率定得到转化系数为0.7,模型能较好地反演研究河段的水温变化过程;(3)摩擦内能和水气热交换,是大河湾河段水体温升的主要因素,其中落差引起的水温升高幅度为3.7℃,对温升的贡献达到90%。研究成果可为大比降山区河流的水温研究提供理论与数据参考。The energy conversion of water flow in process of overcoming resistance is an important factor influencing the water temperature variation in mountainous rivers of high gradient ratio.This paper took the Dahewan reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet as the research object, and used mathematical models to explore the contribution of frictional internal energy caused by the drop to the temperature rise along the reach.The results showed that:(1) The total length of the river from Paizhen to Jiefangqiao in the Dahewan reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River is 250km.The measured water temperature changed significantly along the main stream from June to November, and the temperature rise reached 1.0~4.3℃.The monthly average temperature increase rate along the main stream ranged from 1.9 to 2.1℃/100km, and the heat source was relatively stable;(2) The transformation coefficient was 0.7 by calibrating the longitudinal one-dimensional water temperature mathematical model that took into account the transformation internal energy of the drop, and the model can invert the water temperature change process of the river section;(3) Friction internal energy and water-air heat exchange were the main reasons for the temperature rise of the Dahewan reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River, the water temperature increased 3.7℃ due to the drop with a contribution to temperature rise up to 90%.The research results can provide theoretical and data references for the research on water temperature of mountainous rivers of high gradient ratio.

关 键 词：山区河流 大比降 水温 摩擦内能 一维水温数学模型 雅鲁藏布江 

分 类 号：TV697.2[水利工程—水利水电工程]