高山峡谷河段枢纽运行对下游水位变幅影响研究——以金沙江乌东德水电站为例  

Study on influence of operation of hydropower stations in high mountain and canyon river section on downstream water level variation: case of Wudongde Hydropower Station on Jinsha River

作　　者：钱红露 尹维清 程稳 邓先乔 QIAN Honglu;YIN Weiqing;CHENG Wen;DENG Xianqiao(Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Reasearch Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第4期100-106,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司2019年自主创新项目(CX2019Z31)。

摘　　要：由于高山峡谷河段具有弯曲狭窄、滩险众多、岸坡高陡等地形特点,电站调峰运行往往在下游河道产生强非恒定流,对航运的影响远大于平原或普通山区河流。以金沙江乌东德水电站为例,采用一维非恒定流数学模型模拟了电站下游河段的水位变化规律,划分了适航区域,并初步提出了水位变幅的控制措施。研究结果表明:(1)高山峡谷河段水电枢纽运行对下游水位影响剧烈,沿河段水位变幅表现为整体衰减但局部卡口增强的规律;(2)乌东德水库坝址至四斗种长约41 km河段受非恒定流影响显著,水位变幅较大,不适宜通航;(3)为减小水位变幅,可采取控制电站调峰幅度、建立反调节枢纽实现水位反调节、疏挖局部卡口河道等措施。Due to the topographical characteristics of high mountain and canyon river sections, such as narrow-curved reaches, many dangerous shoals, high-steep bank slope, the strong unsteady flow produced by peak regulation operation of hydropower stations in downstream rivers usually has a far greater impact on navigation than that in plain or ordinary mountain rivers.Taking the Wudongde Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River as an example, a one-dimensional unsteady flow mathematical model is applied to simulate the water level variation law of downstream reach of the power station, and the seaworthy area is divided, based on which the control measures for water level variation are initially proposed.The results show that the hydropower station operation in the high mountain and canyon river sections has a severe impact on the downstream water level, and variations amplitude of water level along the way shows overall attenuation but increases at the local bayonet.The 41 km section from the Wudongde Hydropower Station dam site to Sidouzhong is affected heavily by unsteady flow and the water level varies greatly, which is unsuitable for navigation.To reduce the amplitude of water level variation, measures such as reducing the amplitude of peak regulation, establishing the reverse regulation hub and dredging channel is suggested.

关 键 词：枢纽运行 水位变幅 适航河段 非恒定流数值模拟 乌东德水电站 高山峡谷河段 

分 类 号：TV136.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]