重庆市百日咳流行病学特征及影响因素分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and influencing factors in Chongqing

作　　者：刘洋[1] 游贤路 韩真明[1] LIU Yang;YOU Xian-lu;HAN Zhen-ming(Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 400042,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042 [2]重庆市北碚区中小学卫生保健所

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第8期1372-1374,1394,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析重庆市百日咳的流行病学特征及影响因素。方法采用描述性流行病学统计方法对历年百日咳发病资料进行分析,采用ELISA方法对健康人群抗体水平进行检测。结果 1952—2020年重庆市百日咳年平均发病率为52.83/10万。百日咳流行表现为每3~5年的周期,春夏季高发。病例以5岁以内小年龄儿童为主,人口流动频繁、居住密集的主城区逐渐成为百日咳高发地区。人群抗体阳性率水平较低(49.46%)。在不同地区(χ~2=86.983,P<0.01)、年龄间(χ~2=94.346,P<0.01)抗体阳性率存在统计学差异,不同性别间(χ~2=0.000,P>0.01)差异不存在统计学意义。结论疫苗使用后,百日咳发病下降明显,但2013年后出现疫情反弹。为降低百日咳发病,应采取针对儿童、青少年这部分重点人群的免疫策略,并建立百日咳专病监测系统。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Descriptive epidemiological statistical methods were used to analyze the incidence data of pertussis over the years,and ELISA was used to detect antibody levels in healthy populations.Results The average annual incidence of pertussis was 52.83/100000 from 1952 to 2020.The epidemic cycle was 3-5 years old,with high incidence in spring and summer each year.Most cases were among children less than 5 years and the urban areas with frequent population movements and dense residence gradually became areas with a high incidence of pertussis.The positive rate of pertussis IgG among healthy population was 49.46%.The positive rate showed statistically significant differences among different districts(χ2=86.983,P<0.01),different age groups(χ2=94.346,P<0.01).No statistically significant difference was found between genders(χ2=0.000,P>0.01).Conclusion The incidence of pertussis decreased obviously after use of vaccine,but it rebounded from 2013.In order to reduce pertussis epidemic,strategies such as adopting immunization activities for children and adolescents and establishing pertussis surveillance system are necessary.

关 键 词：百日咳 流行病学 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R516.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]