慢性心衰患者限盐饮食知识、信念、行为及影响因素的质性研究  

Qualitative study on salt restriction diet knowledge,beliefs,behaviors and influencing factors in patients with chronic heart failure

作　　者：刘倩 李康 蒋睿[1] 王冰飞 任晓敏 李敏[3] 朱玉芳[1] LIU Qian;LI Kang;JIANG Rui;WANG Bingfei;REN Xiaomin;LI Min;ZHU Yufang(Hebei Medical University,Nursing college,Shijiazhuang 050017,China;Shijiazhuang People's Hospital,Shijiazhuang 050011;The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学护理学院,050017 [2]石家庄市人民医院,050011 [3]河北医科大学第一医院,050000

出　　处：《中国老年保健医学》2021年第2期142-145,共4页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Care

基　　金：2015年度河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划(20150180);河北省卫生厅医学科学研究课题(20190408);河北医科大学2019年大学生创新性实验项目(USIP2019172)。

摘　　要：目的深入分析慢性心力衰竭患者限盐饮食的知识、信念、行为及影响因素。方法采用目的抽样选取石家庄市两所三级甲等医院心血管内科12例慢性心力衰竭患者,根据访谈提纲,进行面对面半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi七步分析法对资料进行分析和归纳,提炼主题。结果慢性心力衰竭患者限盐饮食的知识、信念、行为及影响因素可以归纳为5个主题,即限盐饮食的详细内容和具体执行方案缺乏认知;限盐饮食态度积极且坚定;限盐饮食认知和行为不一致;医护人员的饮食建议很大程度上影响患者遵循限盐饮食;照顾者和自身饮食习惯的影响一定程度上也影响到患者执行低盐饮食。结论医护人员的健康宣教是慢性心力衰竭患者获得限盐饮食知识的主要途径,但患者对详细内容和具体执行方案缺乏认知,限盐饮食行为欠缺,医护人员、患者和照顾者的饮食习惯是影响患者采取限盐饮食的主要影响因素。Objective To analyze the knowledge,beliefs,behaviors and influencing factors of salt restriction diet in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods 12 patients with chronic heart failure in the department of cardiology of two hospitals in Shijiazhuang city were selected by objective sampling.According to the interview outline,face-to-face semi-structured interview was conducted.The data were analyzed and summarized by Colaizzi seven-step analysis method,and the topics were extracted.Results The knowledge,beliefs,behaviors and influencing factors of salt restriction diet in patients with chronic heart failure could be summarized into five themes,namely,the lack of cognition of the detailed content and specific implementation plan of salt restriction diet.Positive and firm attitude towards salt restriction.Cognition and behavior of salt restriction diet were inconsistent.Dietary advice from medical staff greatly influences patients'adherence to salt-restricted diet.The effects of caregiver and patient’s diet habits also influence patients to some extent on the implementation of low salt diet.Conclusion Health care workers health education is the main way to restricted salt diet for patients with chronic heart failure,but the patients for its detailed content and specific implementation lack of cognition,and the limit of salt diet behavior.The guidance of medical personnel,the diet habits of patients themselves and caregivers’affect the patients to practice restricted salt diet.

关 键 词：慢性心力衰竭 限盐饮食 知识 信念 行为 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]