不同耕作模式下插秧期与秧苗类型对水稻产量品质的影响  

The Effects of Transplanting Rice Seedling Period and Seedling Type on Yield and Quality under Different Cultivation Modes

作　　者：王文玉 万思宇 张雪松 魏媛媛 张家智 李红宇[1] 郑桂萍[1] WANG Wenyu;WAN Siyu;ZHANG Xuesong;WEI Yuanyuan;ZHANG Jiazhi;LI Hongyu;ZHENG Guiping(Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第2期116-126,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300104);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2018048)。

摘　　要：为明确不同耕作模式下插秧期与秧苗类型对水稻群体质量和产量品质形成的影响。选用垦粳7号为试验材料,三因素裂裂区设计,主区为垄作双深和常规平作2种耕作模式,裂区为(5月8日插秧(早插)和5月18日插秧(适插))2个插秧期,裂裂区为常规苗和乳苗2种秧苗类型。结果表明:耕作模式、插秧期与秧苗类型对主要生育时期水稻地上部干物质积累量、叶面积、叶面积指数(LAI)及产量品质均存在显著或极显著的调控效应。垄作双深耕作模式对水稻群体质量指标的调控显著高于常规平作,分蘖、齐穗、灌浆、成熟期叶面积分别提高了14.71%,9.16%,8.77%,2.10%,群体干物质分别增加了17.81%,5.98%,11.15%,5.53%;并对水稻产量及其构成因素影响显著,有效穗数及穗粒数分别提高了7.34%,2.00%,从而使产量提高了7.41%;在稻米品质上,提高了加工品质、光泽、味道、口感,从而使食味评分提高了2.52%。5月8日插秧相对于5月18日插秧提高干物质积累量、叶面积及叶面积指数(LAI);并通过提高有效穗数、结实率和千粒质量从而显著提高水稻产量;在稻米品质上,降低了加工品质和蛋白质含量,提高了食味评分。常规苗(5月8日插秧)地上部干物质积累量、叶面积及叶面积指数较高,并维持较高的产量和较优的品质;乳苗(5月18日插秧)则显著提高了水稻群体质量,并通过维持较高的穗粒数,从而显著提高产量。垄作双深处理下,常规苗(5月8日插秧),具有较高的齐穗期-灌浆期阶段地上部干物质积累量(18.52 g/穴),和齐穗期、灌浆期叶面积指数(4.33,3.95),显著提高了穗粒数(115粒),从而可显著提高水稻的产量(38.11 g/穴)和食味评分(77.11分)为本研究最佳的处理。其次为垄作双深处理下,乳苗(5月18日插秧)使产量达到36.85 g/穴,食味评分为72.14分。To clarify the effects of transplanting rice seedling period and seedling type on rice population quality,yield and quality formed under different cultivation modes.The rice variety Kenjing 7 was selected as the test material,three factor split zone design,the main area was dry land regulation and bilateral deep fertilization on ridge and conventional planting,the split area was two transplanting rice seeding times(transplanting seedlings on May 8(early transplanting)and transplanting seedlings on May 18(suitable for transplanting)),the split zone was two types of seedlings:conventional seedlings and young seedlings.It turns out:Cultivation mode,transplanting rice seedling period and seedling type had significant or extremely significant regulatory effects on total dry matter yield above ground,leaf area,leaf area index(LAI),yield and quality of rice in the main growth period.The dry land regulation and bilateral deep fertilization on ridge and conventional planting had significantly higher regulation on rice population quality indicators than conventional plain cultivation.Among them,the leaf area at the tillering stage,the heading stage,the filling stage,and the maturity stage were increased by 14.71%,9.16%,8.77%,and 2.1%,total dry matter yield above ground increased by 17.81%,5.98%,11.15%,5.53%and significantly influence on rice yield and its components.The number of effective panicles and the number of grains per panicle increased by 7.34%,2.00%respectively,thereby increased the yield by 7.41%;In terms of rice quality,the processing quality,gloss,taste,and mouthfeel were improved,thereby increased the taste score by 2.52%.Compared with transplanting on May 18,transplanting rice seedlings on May 8 increased total dry matter yield above ground,leaf area and leaf area index(LAI),and significantly increased rice yield by increasing effective panicle number,seed setting rate,and 1000-grain weight;In terms of rice quality,the processing quality and protein content were reduced,and the taste score was improved.Conve

关 键 词：水稻 耕作模式 插秧期 秧苗类型 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.03[农业科学—作物学]