免耕半固态直播对水稻根系生长特性的影响  

Effects on Root Growth Characteristics in No-tillage Semi-solid Direct Seeding of Rice

作　　者：李静怡[1,2,3] 梁玉刚 王忍[1,2,3] 孟祥杰 龚向胜 黄璜 LI Jingyi;LIANG Yugang;WANG Ren;MENG Xiangjie;GONG Xiangsheng;HUANG Huang(College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Paddy Crop and Oil Crops in Southern, Changsha 410128,China;Observation Station of Crop Cultivation Science in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙410128 [3]农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测试验站,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第2期135-145,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B11);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B233)。

摘　　要：为探究免耕半固态播种模式对水稻根系形态结构及生理活性的影响,通过设计翻耕半固态直播(FZ)、免耕半固态直播(MZ)、水稻插秧(YZ)和传统撒直播(CK)的田间对比试验,研究了不同栽培模式下水稻根系生长特性的变化规律。结果表明:2 a中不同栽培方式下根系形态结构、根系氧化活力、根系伤流液强度及其组分存在不同。FZ、MZ和YZ较CK处理水稻根系干物质、根数、根系体积、最长根长和根冠比等均增加,使得根系形态结构得到改善。与CK相比,2 a双季稻中FZ、MZ和YZ处理的根系氧化活力在分蘖期-成熟期均增加,且2017年根系伤流液强度在齐穗期-成熟期也均呈增加的变化规律,其中根系伤流液组分中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和氨基酸等含量均有所提高。综上所述,水稻半固态播种和插秧的种植方式有利于改善根系形态结构、提高根系生理活性、增加根系伤流液组分的含量,从而使水稻中后期根系衰老减缓,促进地上部生长、增加产量。In order to explore the effect of no-tillage semi-solid direct seeding mode on the morphological structure and physiological activity of rice root system,through the field comparison experiment of designing tillage semi-solid(FZ),no-tillage semi-solid(MZ),rice transplanting(YZ)and traditional seeding(CK),the changes of rice root growth characteristics under different cultivation patterns were studied.The results showed that the root morphology,root oxidation activity,root bleeding sap intensity and its components were different in 2 years.The dry matter,root number,root volume,longest root length and root-crown ratio of FZ,MZ and YZ were higher than those of rice,the root morphology and structure were improved.Compared to CK,root oxidation activity of FZ,MZ and YZ treatments in 2 year two-season rice increased from tillering stage to mature stage,and the intensity of root bleeding sap increased in 2017,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and amino acid in root injury fluid increased.To sum up,in order to improve root morphology,increase the root physiological activity and increase the content of root sap,slow down the aging degree of root system in the middle and late stage of rice,thus,it is beneficial to the aboveground growth and yield formation of plants.

关 键 词：水稻 免耕半固态直播 根系干物质 根系生理特性 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]