作为公法上单方允诺的信用承诺制度  

On the Application and Perfection of Credit Commitment

作　　者：王青斌 付小彦 WANG Qing-bin;FU Xiao-yan(School of Law-Based Government,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期146-155,共10页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：北京社会科学基金项目(18JDFXB001)。

摘　　要：目前,信用承诺制度在立法、执法、司法实践中得到广泛适用,其具有适用方式多样、适用情形不一、简化行政程序等特征。然而,信用承诺制度的适用对职权法定原则造成了一定的冲击,可能会加重相对人的义务与责任并影响行政目标和公共利益的实现。信用承诺在法律性质上属于具有公法意义的单方允诺,其在本质上为一种柔性执法机制。信用承诺一经生效,即会对相对人产生拘束力,并对行政主体产生事实推定效力。在明确信用承诺性质与效力的基础上,未来应当从明确信用承诺的适用范围、确立信用承诺的适用原则、构建信用承诺的激励机制、完善信用承诺的效力保障机制这四个方面构建信用承诺制度的完善路径。Presently,the credit commitment system has been widely applied in legislation,law enforcement and judicial practice.It has the characteristics of various application methods,different application situations and simplifying administrative procedures.However,the application of credit commitment system has a certain impact on the principle of statutory authority,which may aggravate the obligations and responsibilities of the administrative counterpart and affect the realization of administrative objectives and public interests.Credit commitment is a kind of unilateral promise with public law meaning in legal nature,and it is a flexible enforcement mechanism in essence.Once the credit commitment takes effect,it will have binding force on the administrative counterpart and have the effect of fact presumption on the administrative subject.On the basis of clarifying the legal nature and effectiveness of credit commitment,four measures should be taken to perfect the credit commitment system,including defining the application scope,establishing the applicable principles,constructing the incentive mechanism and improving the effectiveness guarantee mechanism.

关 键 词：信用承诺 单方允诺 柔性执法 拘束力 事实推定效力 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]