北宋初期四川地区的货币供应与交子诞生原因再探  

Money Supply in Sichuan in Early Northern Song Dynasty and Re-exploration of the Birth of Jiaozi

作　　者：姜锡东[1] 李金闯[1] JIANG Xidong;LI Jinchuang(Research Center of Song History,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第3期49-58,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：学界讨论交子起源的直接原因有钱重说和钱荒说两种意见。考察交子诞生前川蜀地区经济运行和货币供应情况,可知当时小铁钱供应充足,但是便于携带的高价值货币缺位,因此钱重说和钱荒说并不矛盾且本质统一。北宋初期从四川运走白银和铜钱,同时禁止民间的绢帛交易,造成高值币缺位。之后北宋政府在考虑全国统一使用铜钱的大背景下尝试在川蜀也恢复铜钱流通,但是又不愿大额投资买铜铸钱,最终导致这一尝试归于失败;曾经筹划铸造大铁钱缓解高值币缺位问题也未获成功。民间大商人只好联合起来另谋出路,正是在这样的大背景下私营交子得以诞生。此外当时益州官府创造使用粮券,调整赋税政策并借助商人进行物资管理,粮券与被视为铁钱券的交子产生于同一时期,应当引起关注。The academic circles have two opinions regarding the direct cause of the origin of Jiaozi:the heavy weight of money and the shortage of money.A survey of the economic operation and money supply in Si-chuan before the birth of Jiaozi shows that the small iron money was in sufficient supply at that time,but the portable high-value money was absent,so the heavy weight of money and shortage of money are not contradic-tory,but unified in essence.In the early Northern Song Dynasty,silver and copper coins were taken away from Sichuan,and silk trade was prohibited in non-governmental exchange,resulting in the absence of high-value coins.After that,the Northern Song Dynasty government,considering the use of copper coins in the whole country,tried to restore the circulation of copper coins in Sichuan.However,it was unwilling to invest heavily in copper coins and eventually failed;and the attempt to cast big iron money to alleviate the lack of high-value coins was also failed.Private businessmen had to unite to find other way out.Private Jiaozi thus came into be-ing.In addition,at that time,the Yizhou Prefecture government started to use grain vouchers,adjusted tax policies and managed materials with the help of businessmen.Attention should be paid to the facts that grain vouchers and Jiaozi,regarded as iron money vouchers,originated in the same period.

关 键 词：交子 铁钱 铜钱 田税 粮券 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]