造林气候调节效应及其影响机理研究进展  

A review on the climatic regulation effects of afforestation and its impact mechanisms

作　　者：黄麟[1] HUANG Lin(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2021年第2期469-478,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977417,41371019);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0506503)。

摘　　要：造林及人工林生长吸收并固定二氧化碳(CO_(2)),其"幼龄效应"使得全球中、高纬度新造林的CO2吸收超过天然林,被认为是减缓全球变暖、控制升温2℃目标的一个关键战略,亦是生态保护修复和林业可持续发展并举的一个重要措施。我国人工林保有面积居全球首位,占林地面积的36%,近几十年造林为全球变绿的贡献超过10%。造林改变地表生物地球化学和生物物理过程从而影响温度、降水、成云、风等,在不同气候带、不同区域呈现差异性气候调节效应,取决于温室气体、辐射能量、水汽收支之间的平衡结果。分析了国际、国内在应对气候变化活动中对于造林的急迫需求,综述了造林气候调节效应的研究进展,以及产生这种效应的生物地球化学和生物物理机理,总结了当前研究中亟待深入探索的内容,并展望了未来造林仍需深入开展系统地生物地球化学和生物物理机理研究,推动可持续地人工林管理、恢复具有完整结构的森林、促进多重生态系统服务的协同。Afforestation and the growth of planted forest are considered as a key strategy to mitigate global warming and to keep global warming below 2℃,as well as an important measurement for ecological restoration and forestry sustainable development,by increasing vegetation coverage and biomass,absorbing and sequestrating carbon dioxide.The"young stand-age effect"of CO2 absorption by plantation has contributed to global CO_(2) absorption by afforestation in the middle and high latitudes exceed that of natural forest.The preservation area of plantation in China ranks the first in the world,accounting for 36% of the national forest land area.In recent decades,China′s afforestation has contributed more than 10% to global greening.Afforestation impacts the temperature,precipitation,cloud formation,and wind force,etc.by changing the land surface biogeochemical and biophysical processes.And the impacts were observed variations across different climate zones and different regions,which depends on the balance between the greenhouse gas budget,radiation energy budget and water vapor budget.In this paper,the urgent needs of afforestation activities at home and abroad under the background of climate change,the research progress of climate regulation effect of afforestation and its biogeochemical and biophysical mechanisms are reviewed.Afforestation affects the microclimate in the forest such as light,temperature,humidity and precipitation.It then affects ecological processes such as photosynthetic respiration,vegetation growth,water transpiration and radiation energy balance,thus influences the regional climate system.In addition to affecting the exchange of CO_(2),water and energy balance,afforestation also releases Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds(BVOCs),which affects the short-term climate forcing factors such as aerosols,O_(3) and CH4.Because the physiological,phenological and structural changes of vegetation affect the biophysical processes such as energy,water vapor and momentum exchange between the land surface and t

关 键 词：造林 气候调节 生物地球化学过程 生物物理过程 

分 类 号：S716.3[农业科学—林学]