地衣型真菌对石材的侵蚀及防护措施  

Erosion of stone caused by lichenized fungi and prevention measures

作　　者：徐亚男 魏鑫丽[2] 贾泽峰[1] XU Yanan;WEI Xinli;JIA Zefeng(College of Life Sciences,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,China;State Key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学生命科学学院,山东聊城252059 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《贵州科学》2021年第1期40-44,共5页Guizhou Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:中国孢子植物志的编研(31750001)。

摘　　要：世界各地古旧的石质建筑物都含有人文历史的底蕴,但由于环境等一些因素的影响,使得一些裸露在室外的建筑物饱经风霜,从而使其表面失去了原有的容貌,其中一个重要原因是受地衣型真菌的侵蚀。地衣型真菌(即地衣)是地球生物圈内生态系统中真菌与相应藻类或蓝细菌形成的稳定胞外共生群落,其共生必要因素是该类真菌特异性与相应的藻类或蓝细菌共生而在自然界占有一定的生态位。共生藻利用光合作用为共生真菌提供有机物,而共生真菌通过吸收水分为共生藻提供原料。地衣型真菌通过菌丝直接附着于岩石,产生有机酸等次级代谢产物腐蚀岩石;但同时地衣分泌的有机酸也可以形成矿化膜,对石材在一定程度上亦起到防护作用。本文阐述了地衣对石材的侵蚀现象及其原因,并提出有针对性的防治策略,为今后文物保护工作的开展提供参考资料。Ancient stone buildings contain culture and history all over the world.However,due to the influence of the environment,some buildings are weathered and their surfaces have lost the original appearance.One of the important influencing factors is the erosion caused by lichenized fungi.Lichenized fungi(lichen)are stable extracellular symbiotic communities formed by fungi and algae/cyanobacteria in the ecosystem of the earth biosphere.The essential factor for the symbiotic relationship is that the fungi are symbiotic with specific algae or cyanobacteria and occupy a certain ecological niche in the nature.The algae provide the symbiotic fungi with organic matter by photosynthesis,and the fungi provide the symbiotic algae with raw materials by absorbing water.Lichenized fungi attach directly to rocks with hyphae and produce secondary metabolites such as organic acids,which erode the rocks.On the other hand,the organic acids secreted by lichenized fungi can form a mineralized film,which can protect the stones to a certain extent.This paper expounds the erosion phenomenon of stone caused by lichenized fungi and its mechanisms,and puts forward some targeted prevention and control measures,so as to provide reference for the protection of cultural relics in the future.

关 键 词：石质文物 侵蚀 地衣 防治 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]