洞庭湖区夏玉米机收籽粒破碎率和含杂率相关因素分析  

Analysis of the Relative Factors of the Broken and Impurity Rate of Summer Corn Mechanical Harvest in Dongting Lake Area

作　　者：马文杰 邓敏 胡锦祥 罗红兵[1,2] 徐莹 黄成 肖仁杰 李芳 柳志华 邱冠杰 朱通通 朱雪晴 Ma Wenjie;Deng Min;Hu Jinxiang;Luo Hongbing;Xu Ying;Huang Cheng;Xiao Renjie;Li Fang;Liu Zhihua;Qiu Guanjie;Zhu Tongtong;Zhu Xueqing(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,410128;Hunan Maize Engineering Technology Research Center,College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南省玉米工程技术研究中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第7期2338-2345,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300308);湖南省旱粮产业技术体系研究项目(湘农办科技[2016]108号);湖南省科技计划项目(2016NK2123)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探寻洞庭湖区夏玉米机械化收获技术制约因素籽粒破碎率和含杂率的相关影响因素,本研究选用6个杂交种,设计一个播期:5月24日,3个玉米收获时期即:生理成熟期0、8、16 d。2个密度即:7.5×104株/hm2和9.0×104株/hm2。采用完全随机区组设计,从品种、密度、收获期、籽粒含水量、穗轴含水量、茎秆含水量和留茬高度等因素着手,分析各因素与籽粒破碎率和含杂率的相关性。结果表明,在品种、密度和收获期中,影响含杂率的因素大小顺序为:密度、品种、收获期。影响破碎率的因素大小顺序为:品种、收获期、密度;在各品种生理特性中,破碎率与茎秆鲜重、穗轴鲜重、籽粒含水量和茎秆含水量显著正相关,与穗轴含水量呈极显著正相关。含杂率与穗轴鲜重和籽粒含水量极显著正相关,与穗轴含水量显著相关;破碎率与留茬高度显著负相关。制约当地破碎率和含杂率的主要因素为品种含水量、栽培密度和收获时期。适当降低种植密度至7.5×104株/hm2左右,延长收获期至8~16 d可以有效降低玉米机械收获籽粒破碎粒和含杂率。本研究为洞庭湖区发展夏玉米机械化收获技术提供了参考依据。In order to explore the related factors of grain breaking rate and impurity content in the technical constraints of mechanized harvesting of summer corn in the Dongting Lake area. In this study, six hybrid varieties were selected and a sowing date was designed: May 24, and three corn harvesting times were physiological maturity 0 day, 8 days and 16 days. Two densities of 7.5×104 plants/hm2 and 9.0×104 plants/hm2 were used in this experiment.And a completely random block design was used. Based on factors such as variety, density, harvest period, grain water content, cob water content, stem water content, and stubble height during the mechanical harvest of summer maize, we analyzed each of these factors and the grain breakage correlation between rate and impurity rate. The results showed that in variety, density and harvest time, the order of factors affecting the impurity content was density, variety and harvest time. The order of factors affecting the crushing rate is variety, harvest time and density.In the physiological characteristics of each variety, the breaking rate was significantly positively correlated with the fresh weight of stem, the fresh weight of cob, the water content of grain and the water content of stalk, and extremely significantly positively correlated with the water content of cob. The percentage of impurity content was extremely significantly positively correlated with the fresh weight of cob and grain water content, and was significantly positively correlated with water content of cob. The crushing rate was significantly negatively correlated with stubble height. The main factors that restrict the breaking rate and impurity content are the variety water content, cultivation density and harvest time. The experiment shows that the proper reduction of the machine harvest density to about 7.5 ×104 plants/hm2 and the extension of the harvest time to 8~16 days can effectively reduce the broken grain rate and impurity content in the mechanical harvest of corn. This study provided a reference b

关 键 词：夏玉米 密度 机械化收获 破碎率 含杂率 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]