清宫大戏《锋剑春秋》传奇考论--兼论三种叙事传统的对立和融合  

A Study on the Legend of Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian,a Grand Opera of Qing Dynasty:On the Antagonism and Fusion of the Three Narrative Traditions

作　　者：张晓兰[1] ZHANG Xiao-lan(School of Liberal Arts,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiang su 225000)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《艺术百家》2021年第2期113-118,共6页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“甘肃省图书馆所藏清代戏曲抄本研究”(项目编号:15BZW071)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：《锋剑春秋》与《劝善金科》《鼎峙春秋》《升平宝筏》《昭代箫韶》等同列,是清代宫廷大戏,但学界对其关注极少。《锋剑春秋》剧本藏于国家图书馆,共六册,为残本,存七十八出。该剧本由三种不同抄本混编而成,一、三、五册属于繁本系统,其中一、三册为文人稿本,五册为安殿本;二、四、六册系根据繁本删改后的简本,属于排演本。在题材来源上,《锋剑春秋》传奇由《锋剑春秋》小说改编而来,《锋剑春秋》传奇在光绪年间又被改编成《锋剑春秋》乱弹本在宫中上演。《锋剑春秋》小说的思想主旨是天命难违,传奇的思想主旨是歌颂封建大一统和皇权的威仪,而乱弹本的思想主旨则是抑恶扬善,三者体现的叙事传统也各有偏重。《锋剑春秋》小说更多体现的是民间叙事传统和文人叙事传统,宫廷大戏更多体现了正统叙事传统,乱弹本则由正统叙事传统进一步向民间叙事传统转移。三种叙事传统在《锋剑春秋》题材演变中,既相互对立,又相互融合。The Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian is imperial drama of the Qing Dynasty,but the scholars pay little attention to them.The spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian is collected in the National Library of China.There are 78 acts in six volumes.One,three and five volumes belong to the traditional system.Among them,one and three volumes are manuscripts of literati,and five volumes are manuscripts of Andian.The second,fourth and sixth volumes are simplified and revised based on the traditional ones,which are rehearsal books.In terms of subject matter,The Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian was adapted from the novel Of The Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian,which was also adapted into Beijing opera The Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian and played in the palace during the Reign of Emperor Guangxu.The ideological gist of the novel is that it is impossible to violate the mandate of heaven,the ideological gist of the legend is to praise the majesty of feudal unity and imperial power,and the ideological gist is to suppress the evil and promote the good.The narrative tradition reflected by the three has its own emphasis.The Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian more reflects the folk narrative tradition and the literati narrative tradition,the court drama more reflects the orthodox narrative tradition,and the Beijing opera is further transferred from the orthodox narrative tradition to the folk narrative tradition.In the evolution of the theme of The Spring and Autumn Annals of Fengjian,the three narrative traditions not only oppose each other,but also merge with each other.

关 键 词：《锋剑春秋》 清宫大戏 正统叙事 民间叙事 文人叙事 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]