甘蔗脱毒健康种苗原苗主茎重复扦插快繁技术  

Techniques for repeated cutting and transplanting of main stem of virus-free healthy sugarcane seedling propagation

作　　者：陈荣发 丘立杭 周慧文 周忠凤 翁梦苓 黄杏 李杨瑞 范业赓 吴建明 CHEN Rongfa;QIU Lihang;ZHOU Huiwen;ZHOU Zhongfeng;WENG Mengling;HUANG Xing;LI Yangrui;FAN Yegeng;WU Jianming(Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《广西植物》2021年第4期614-621,共8页Guihaia

基　　金：广西创新驱动重大专项(AA17202042-13);广西自然科学基金重点项目(2015GXNSFBA139011);国家农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队专项(gjnytxgxcxtd-03);广西农业科学院项目(2018YT01,2018YM02)。

摘　　要：为了解决目前甘蔗健康种苗生产成本高、生产周期过长、繁育速度慢等问题,该文以桂糖08-120脱毒健康种苗原苗为材料,在甘蔗健康种苗原苗发生分蘖后,剪下原苗主茎进行2次重复扦插移栽技术研究。结果表明:甘蔗健康种苗原苗主茎全埋种植成活率48.20%,主茎斜插种植成活率95.10%;健康种苗原苗、主茎第一次扦插移栽和主茎第二次扦插移栽的移栽成活率分别为97.67%、96.33%和96.00%,分蘖数分别为15条、14条和13条,株高分别为157.67、127.00和123.84 cm,茎径分别为25.52、25.31和25.23 mm,有效茎数分别为87245、97465和93960条·hm^(-2),产量分别为49294.5、52126.00和49948.50 kg·hm^(-2);主茎第一次扦插移栽和主茎第二次扦插移栽的株高低于原苗种植,但分蘖数、茎径、有效茎数和产量与原苗种植差异不显著,健康种苗原苗主茎扦插移栽与健康种苗原苗移栽的甘蔗产量效应相差不大;原苗主茎重复扦插快繁成本约为一株0.47元,显著低于原苗常规繁种成本。该研究结果为甘蔗健康种苗降低成本和加快繁育速度提供了技术支撑。In order to solve the problems of high production cost,long production cycle and slow propagation speed of sugarcane healthy seedlings,using Guitang 08-120 healthy seedlings as material,after tillers occurred in the original sugarcane virus-free healthy seedlings,the main stem was cut and transplant for two times.The results were as follows:The survival rate of sugarcane healthy seedlings was 48.20%when the main stem was buried and cutting planting seedling was 95.10%;The original seedling planting,the first time cutting transplanting of main stem and the second time cutting transplanting of main stem of the survival rates of transplanting were 97.67%,96.33%and 96.00%,the number of tillers were 15,14 and 13,the plant height were 157.67,127.00 and 123.84 cm,the diameter of stem were 25.52,25.31 and 25.23 mm,the effective stem number were 87245,97465 and 93960 bar·hm^(-2),the yield were 49294.5,52126.00 and 49948.50 kg·hm^(-2),respectively;The first time cutting transplanting of main stem and the second time cutting transplanting of main stem were lower than the original seedling planting,but the tiller number,stem diameter,effective stem number and yield were not significantly different from that of the original seedlings,the results showed that there was no significant differences in sugarcane yield between healthy seedlings of cutting transplanting of main stem and original healthy seedlings;The cost of rapid propagation of one main stem of the original seedling is about 0.47 yuan,which is significantly lower than the cost of conventional propagation of the original seedling.The results of this study provide technical support for reducing the cost and accelerating the breeding speed of sugarcane healthy seedlings.

关 键 词：甘蔗 脱毒健康种苗 田间繁育 扦插移栽 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]