植保无人飞机对4种棉花喷施脱叶催熟剂的效果研究  

Effectiveness of spraying defoliation and ripening agent on four cotton cultivars using unmanned aerial vehicle

作　　者：蒙艳华 王美美[1,2] 胡红岩 梁自静[2] 兰玉彬 MENG Yanhua;WANG Meimei;HU Hongyan;LIANG Zijing;LAN Yubin(Anyang Institute of Technology,Anyang,455000,China;Key Laboratory of Aviation Plant Protection,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Anyang 455000,China;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China;College of Electronic Engineering/College of Artificial Intelligence,South China Agricultural University/National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]安阳工学院,河南安阳455000 [2]农业农村部航空植保重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000 [4]华南农业大学电子工程学院/人工智能学院/国家精准农业航空施药技术国际联合研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2021年第3期102-110,共9页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(202102110114);国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-22)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究棉花收获前植保无人飞机喷施脱叶催熟剂的效果。【方法】使用植保无人飞机以22.5 L·hm-2的施药液量喷施采收前30 d的棉花‘金棉18#’、‘北泉9#’、‘植金13#’和‘合信47#’,以人工机械喷雾(施药液量450 L·hm-2)为对照,测试4种棉花冠层中的雾滴覆盖率;于药后4、7、14和21 d分别进行脱叶和吐絮效果调查,计算不同棉花品种的脱叶率和吐絮率;检测4种棉花的纤维品质和产量构成因子(铃质量、衣分)。【结果】雾滴覆盖率在4种棉花品种中均呈现出上部冠层显著高于中下部冠层的规律,且植株越高,中下部冠层的雾滴覆盖率越低;除‘合信47#’人工喷雾处理的吐絮率没有达到机采棉采收标准外,其余处理的脱叶率和吐絮率均达到了机采棉的采收标准;4种棉花品种的纤维品质和产量构成因子(铃质量、衣分)均不受施药器械的影响。【结论】植保无人飞机可作为棉花采收前喷施脱叶催熟剂的施药器械。【Objective】To evaluate the effects of spraying defoliation and ripening agent on cotton before harvest using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).【Method】Four cotton cultivars including ‘Jinmian 18#’,‘Beiquan 9#’, ‘Zhijin 13#’ and ‘Hexin 47#’ were sprayed defoliation and ripening agent with the spraying volume of22.5 L·hm-2 at 30 days before harvest by UAV. Aritificial spraying with an electric backpack sprayer was used as cantrol at the the spraying volume of 450 L·hm-2. Droplet coverage rates in the canopies of four cotton cultivars were tested. The defoliation rates and boll opening rates were investigated at the 4 th, 7 th, 14 th and 21 st days after the application. The fiber qualities and yield components(boll weight and lint percentage) of four cotton cultivars were detected.【Result】The droplet coverage rates of four cotton cultivars showed a rule that coverage of the upper canopy was significantly higher than that of the middle and lower parts of the canopy. The higher the plant height was, the lower the droplet coverage rate of the middle and lower canopy was. Except for the boll opening rate of artificial spraying treatment on ‘Hexin 47#’, the defoliation rates and boll opening rates of other treatments met the requirements of machinary harvesting. The fiber quality and yield components(boll weight and lint percentage) of four cotton cultivars were not affected by the type of sprayers.【Conclusion】The UAV can be applied to spray defoliation and ripening agent before cotton harvest.

关 键 词：植保无人飞机 棉花品种 脱叶率 吐絮率 纤维品质 产量构成因子 

分 类 号：S252.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]