河西走廊传统水资源开发中的人力成本下限管窥  

A Study of the Minimum Labor Cost in the Development of Traditional Water Resources in the Hexi Corridor

作　　者：张景平[1] ZHANG Jing-ping(Lanuzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期75-81,共7页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“西北典型地区节水与生态修复技术集成提升与规模示范”(项目号:2016YFC0402900);国家社会科学基金青年项目“晚清以来祁连山-河西走廊水环境演化与社会变迁研究”(项目号:18CZS068);清华大学与新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅联合课题“坎儿井历史文化与保护利用研究暨世界灌溉工程遗产立项研究”(项目号:20202100578)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文从河西走廊传统水利活动的技术特点、干旱区特殊水文规律与耕作制度入手,对历史时期河西走廊讨赖河流域传统灌溉活动所需要的人力成本进行了分析。在"高人力成本、低物力成本"的传统技术条件、径流月际变化极大的水文条件以及灌溉时间与汛期重叠的耕作条件三方共同影响下,干旱区灌溉活动必须在短时间内集中投入大量人力方可完成基本灌溉活动。这决定了历史时期干旱区水资源开发中存在人力成本下限,即灌区需要一定的人口规模才能维持灌区的基本灌溉活动。干旱区水资源开发活动中人力成本下限的存在加剧了传统绿洲经济的脆弱性,集中表现在因战争原因造成人口大幅减少后经济恢复极为缓慢,并在明清以来加速落后于东部地区。Based on the technical characteristics of traditional irrigation activities in the Hexi Corridor,the special hydrological law and farming system in the arid area,this paper gives a historical analysis of the labor cost of traditional irrigation activities in the Laihe River Basin of the Hexi Corridor.Under the common influence of the traditional technical conditions of"high labor cost and low material cost",the hydrological conditions with a great variation between the monthly runoff and the overlapping farming conditions of irrigation time and flood season,irrigation activities in the arid area must invest a large amount of manpower in completing the basic irrigation activities in a short period of time.This indicates that there is a minimum labor cost in the development of water resources in the arid area in history,that is,a certain population size is needed to maintain the basic irrigation activities in the irrigated areas.The existence of a minimum labor cost in the development of water resources in the arid area aggravated the vulnerability of the traditional oasis economy,which mainly found in the slow economic recovery after the population decreased greatly due to the war,and the quickened steps of lagging behind the eastern region of China since the Ming and Qing dynasties.

关 键 词：干旱区 水资源开发 人力成本下限 灌溉效率 传统水利技术 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]