基于单齿破岩有限元模拟的黏滑振动机理研究  

Study on the Mechanism of Stick-Slip Vibration Based on Single-Cutter Rock Breaking Finite Element Simulation

作　　者：贺振国[1] 石李保[1,2] 李灵樨 孔璐琳 张小宁 刘新云[1] He Zhenguo;Shi Libao;Li Lingxi;Kong Lulin;Zhang Xiaoning;Liu Xinyun(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,CNPC;School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Huadong);Peking University)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院 [3]北京大学

出　　处：《石油机械》2021年第5期17-26,共10页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：中油国际项目“复杂结构井钻完井技术研究与支持”(CNPCIC-HSI8TS01B-WO2);中国石油勘探开发研究院院级项目“钻柱系统黏滑振动机理与钻头自适应限位齿控制单元研究”(2017ycq13)。

摘　　要：油气勘探开发中深部复杂地层具有孔隙压力高、温度高、岩石硬度高、塑性强及可钻性差等特点,给钻井作业带来了诸多困难,为此,进行了钻头齿破岩黏滑振动机理研究。通过单齿切削数值模拟及试验,研究在破岩过程中钻头齿与岩石的作用方式、破碎微观过程,以及在不同钻压及岩性条件下钻齿切深、破岩载荷及破碎效率之间的关系。研究结果表明:在不同模拟条件下,切削载荷波动随钻头齿切削深度的增加而增大,切削深度变化会改变岩石的塑-脆性破坏形式;钻头齿切深突增导致钻柱扭矩不足以克服岩石阻力,钻头转速的低频振动终止,动态平衡打破,从而导致黏滑振动的发生。研究结果可以为提高钻井效率及高效开发深部油气资源提供理论参考。The deep and complex formations in oil and gas exploration and development have the characteristics of high pore pressure,high temperature,high rock hardness,strong plasticity and poor drillability,which have brought many challenges to drilling operations.To address the problems,the mechanism of stick-slip vibration in bit cutter rock breaking is studied.Through single-cutter cutting numerical simulation and experiments,the interaction mode of the cutter and rock and the microscopic crushing process during the rock breaking are studied.The relationship between cutting depth,rock breaking load and crushing efficiency under different WOB and lithological conditions are studied.The research results show that a finite element model based on single-cutter cutting and breaking rock is established.Under different simulation conditions,the fluctuation of cutting load increases with the cutting depth.The change of the cutting depth will change the plastic-brittle failure form of the rock.The sudden increase of cutting depth makes the low-frequency vibration of the drill bit ceases,and the dynamic balance is broken,resulting in the occurrence of stick-slip vibration.The research results can provide theoretical references for improving drilling efficiency and efficiently developing deep resources.

关 键 词：单齿破岩 黏滑振动 有限元 动态模拟 切削深度 

分 类 号：TE921[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]