海水提铀材料研究进展  

Recent advances in sorbent materials for uranium extraction from seawater

作　　者：刘泽宇 谢忆 王一凡 胡铜洋 叶钢[1] 陈靖[1] LIU Zeyu;XIE Yi;WANG Yifan;HU Tongyang;YE Gang;CHEN Jing(Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期279-301,共23页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(21922604)。

摘　　要：铀资源是核工业发展中不可或缺的重要战略资源,发展海水提铀对于保障核能可持续发展和推进海洋资源综合利用具有重要战略意义。实现海水提铀的工程化从根本上依赖于对海水中碳酸铀酰离子具有高效富集能力且综合性能优良的吸附材料。作为海水提铀的明星材料,偕胺肟功能化聚合物因其对铀特殊的亲和力,一直受到国际国内广泛的关注。近年来,结合电化学、光化学和生物化学等交叉领域的研究进展,高吸附容量、高选择性的海水提铀材料也不断涌现。该文立足海水提铀材料的设计思路和合成策略,介绍了近年来国内外海水提铀材料的研究进展,阐明了目前海水提铀面临的关键问题和挑战,分析了海水提铀工程化的经济性,并对未来发展研究方向进行了展望。Uranium is an essential resource for the nuclear industry.Uranium can be extracted from seawater but better extraction techniques are needed for sustainable development of nuclear energy and efficient exploitation of ocean resources.One critical challenge is the development of sorbent materials that efficiently bind uranyl ions in the seawater with good physicochemical properties in the ocean environment.Polymeric sorbents with amidoxime functionalities,a class of remarkable sorbents for uranium extraction from seawater,have attracted extensive interest because of their specific affinity toward uranium.Recent advances in electrochemistry,photochemistry,and biological chemistry have led to the development of high adsorption capacity and high selectivity sorbent materials.This review summarizes recent research on sorbents for uranium extraction from seawater,the design principles and material synthesis strategies.This review also describes the challenges of uranium extraction from seawater and the cost-efficiency tradeoffs for this process.Finally,this review concludes with the authors'perspectives regarding future research in this area.

关 键 词：海水提铀 偕胺肟 吸附材料 选择性 经济性 

分 类 号：TL212.5[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]