移栽时间与方式对烤烟生长发育及产量、品质的影响  

Effects of Transplanting Date and Mode on Growth,Development, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：王德权[1] 孙延国[2] 杜玉海[1] 刘洋[1] 王艺 马兴华[2] 张玉琴[2] 张日强 Wang Dequan;Sun Yanguo;Du Yuhai;Liu Yang;Wang Yi;Ma Xinghua;Zhang Yuqin;Zhang Riqiang(Shandong Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang 261061,Shandong,China;Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261061 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《作物杂志》2021年第2期87-95,共9页Crops

基　　金：山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目(2019-46);山东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(201901001);中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技项目(201803)。

摘　　要：为明确山东中部烟区烤烟适宜移栽时间与移栽方式,采用田间对比试验,研究3个不同移栽时间(4月30日、5月10日和5月20日)及3种不同移栽方式(常规覆膜移栽、小苗膜下移栽和井窖式移栽)对烟株生长发育及烟叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随移栽期推迟,烤烟生育前期时间缩短,生育进程加快,烟株和叶片变大,烤后烟叶等级结构提升,化学协调性提高,经济产量和感官评吸质量先增加后微降;不同移栽方式在不同移栽期下对烤烟影响不同,早栽时,小苗膜下移栽和井窖式移栽可改善根系土壤温湿度环境,促进烟苗早生快发,提高烟叶评吸质量,但晚栽时,小苗膜下移栽由于地温过高对烟苗生长产生负面影响,进而影响烟叶产量和品质。移栽期主要通过生育期内温度条件的变化对烟株产生影响,为主要影响因素;移栽方式通过改变生长前期微环境对烟株生长起到微调作用。以5月10日的井窖式移栽处理综合表现最好,可作为鲁中烟区适宜的移栽时间和方式进行示范应用。To identify the suitable transplanting date and transplanting mode of flue-cured tobacco in central Shandong, a field experiment with three transplanting date treatments(04-30, 05-10, 05-20) and three transplanting mode treatments(conventional transplanting on the mulch, transplanting under the mulch, well cellar type transplanting) was carried out to study their effects on growth and development, leaves yield, and quality of tobacco. The results showed that delaying the transplanting date shortened the early growth duration, accelerated the growth process, promoted stem and leaves growth, improved the flue-cured tobacco leaf grade structure, improved the chemical coordination, and increased the economic yield and the sensory evaluation quality first and then decreased slightly. Different transplanting modes had different effects under different transplanting dates. Transplanting under the mulch and well cellar type transplanting could improve the temperature and humidity environment of root soil, then promoted the early growth of tobacco seedlings, and improved the sensory quality of tobacco in early transplanting date. However, when transplanted too late, transplanting under the mulch had a negative effect on the growth of tobacco seedlings due to the high soil temperature, which in turn affected the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The transplanting date mainly regulated the changes of temperature conditions during the growth period to affect the tobacco plant, which was the key influence factor. Transplanting modes had a minor regulation effect on the growth of tobacco plants by changing the micro-environment in the early growth period. The well cellar type transplanting treatment on May 10 th had the best comprehensive performance, which could be used as a suitable transplanting date and mode to demonstrate and apply in the central Shandong tobacco area.

关 键 词：移栽时间 移栽方式 烤烟 发育 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]