范·弗拉森科学表征观的语用等价策略  

The Pragmatic Equivalence Strategy in van Fraassen’s Theory of Scientific Representation

作　　者：孙玉涵[1] SUN Yuhan(Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2021年第5期30-37,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“知识的延展性问题研究”(项目编号:19YJC720002)。

摘　　要：抽象结构如何表征具体目标对象,是当今科学表征哲学研究的重要议题。范·弗拉森把该问题表述为理论模型如何与现象相联系,并引入数据模型来协调二者的关系,提出理论模型由于与数据模型结构同构而表征了现象。但范·弗拉森否认结构的实在性,反对现象本身存在结构,从而导致数据模型与现象之间无法同构,产生"实在性丢失"问题。对此范·弗拉森采取"语用等价"策略,即对表征者来说,数据模型与现象在语用上是一致的,数据模型由于测量实践而表征了现象,理论模型与数据模型同构就相当于与现象同构。本文通过分析语用等价策略的源起动机、论证过程、尚未解决的问题和推进方向,阐明语用等价策略是衔接语义观和语用观,消解实在性丢失问题的临时策略,它引导着科学表征问题的探讨转向对测量实践的关注考察。How an abstract structure represents a concrete target system is one of the most important problems in recent philosophical studies of scientific representation.Van Fraassen restates it as an issue of relationship between theoretical models and phenomena;and he argues that a theoretical model’s relation to the phenomenon may be mediated by a data model that is isomorphic to the theoretical model.But he refutes the reality of structures in the phenomenon and thus is subject to the "loss of reality" objection since there is no isomorphism between the data model and the phenomenon,which means the theoretical model does not represent the phenomenon but the data model.In response to the objection,van Fraassen provides his "pragmatic equivalence" strategy,i.e there is no pragmatic difference,for the users of models,between the question whether a scientific model fits a physical system and the question whether a model fits data extracted from it.By analyzing the motivation,arguments,and unsolved problems of the strategy,this article will conclude that it is a temporary strategy bridging the semantic and the pragmatic view of scientific theories/models,which reminds us to focus on the practice of measurement in discussions of scientific representation.

关 键 词：范·弗拉森 科学表征 结构 实在性丢失 语用等价 

分 类 号：NO