发酵床奶牛舍垫料理化性状和霉菌毒素的季节与方位变化  

Seasonal and Orientation Changes in Physical and Chemical and Mycotoxin Indicators in Dairy Cattle Fermentation Beds

作　　者：王珊[1,2] 顾亚兰 张振斌 甄永康[1] 陈逸飞 王梦芝 陈宁[2] WANG Shan;GU Yalan;ZHANG Zhenbin;ZHEN Yongkang;CHEN Yifei;WANG Mengzhi;CHEN Ning(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]新疆农垦科学院畜牧兽医研究所,石河子832000

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2021年第4期72-77,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0800200,2018YFD0502100);长三角地区生态优质高效乳业创新体系研究(CX(17)1005);江苏省优势学科(PADP)。

摘　　要：该文旨在研究发酵床饲养模式奶牛垫床垫料的理化和霉菌毒素指标的季节变化与方位差异。试验采集某发酵床奶牛舍不同季节和不同方位的垫床垫料,并进行理化指标和霉菌毒素的测定。结果表明:秋(554.14 g)冬(516.26 g)季节垫料的容重显著高于春夏季节(P<0.05);春(36.67 cm)夏(37.50 cm)垫床的深度显著高于秋冬(P<0.05);但垫料的pH(7.11~7.40)在季节间和方位间皆无显著差异(P>0.05);夏季垫料的含水量(48.06%)显著低于其他3个季节(P<0.05);春季垫料的碳含量显著高于其他3个季节(P<0.05);秋季垫料的氮含量显著高于其他3个季节(P<0.05),计算碳氮比在37.99~53.31:1范围变化;但磷含量在季节间和方位间皆无显著差异(P>0.05)。另外,霉菌毒素中黄曲霉毒素B 1、呕吐毒素、赭曲霉毒素等在季节间和方位间均无显著差异(P>0.05);但冬季的赤霉烯酮含量显著高于春季与秋季(P<0.05)。综上,该发酵床奶牛舍垫床垫料的pH为7.11~7.40、含水率为48.06%~62.32%、碳氮比为37.99~53.31:1,且霉菌毒素的含量较低,适合于奶牛养殖排泄物的发酵降解。The purpose of this paper was to study the seasonal variation and orientation difference of physicochemical and mycotoxin indicators in dairy cattle fermentation beds.The mattress material of different seasons and different orientations of a fermented cow bed was collected and the physicochemical and mycotoxin indexes were determined.The results showed the volume weight in autumn(554.14 g)and winter(516.26 g)was significantly higher than in spring and summer(P<0.05);the bed depth in spring(36.67 cm)and summer(37.50 cm)was significantly higher than in fall and winter(P<0.05);pH ranged from 7.11 to 7.40,but there was no significant difference between seasons(P>0.05)and positions(P>0.05).The water content in summer(48.06%)was significantly lower than in the other three seasons(P<0.05);the carbon content in spring was significantly higher than in the other three seasons(P<0.05);the nitrogen content in autumn was significantly higher than in the other three seasons(P<0.05),and the calculated carbon-nitrogen ratio varied from 37.99 to 53.31:1.However,there was no significant difference in phosphorus content between seasons(P>0.05)and between positions(P>0.05).Additionally,mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1,vomiting toxin,ochratoxin were not significantly different between seasons(P>0.05)and between positions(P>0.05);however,the Zeranol content in winter was significantly higher than that in spring and autumn(P<0.05).In summary,the pH of the cow bed mattress material is 7.11 to 7.40,the water content is 48.06%to 62.32%,the carbon to nitrogen ratio is in the range of 37.99 to 53.31:1,and the mycotoxin content is low,which is suitable for fermentation degradation of excreta of lactating cow.

关 键 词：奶牛 发酵床 垫料 理化指标 霉菌毒素 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]