基于耕地污染负荷的畜禽养殖业空间布局优化研究  

Research on spatial layout optimization of livestock and poultry breeding based on farmland pollution load

作　　者：豆志杰[1] 钟明艳 Dou Zhijie;Zhong Mingyan(School of Management,Changchun University,Changchun,130022,China)

机构地区：[1]长春大学管理学院,长春市130022

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2021年第4期150-156,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：吉林省社科基金项目(2020B094)。

摘　　要：作为区域产业经济生态系统的子系统,畜禽养殖业应该走从空间视角进行产业系统优化的道路。基于2008—2018年吉林省畜禽养殖业基础数据进行总量和比重分析发现,区域畜禽养殖业的产值贡献有所下降(48%)但整体产业地位不容小觑,省域范围内畜禽养殖业的区域差异和时期差异明显,主要畜禽养殖种类的空间集聚特征显著,长春、四平、吉林和松原四个地区的累计生猪当量超过全省总量的70%;利用单位耕地污染物负荷法测算吉林省畜禽污染物排放强度发现,畜禽养殖业主要污染物(COD、TP、TN)排放强度与产业时空分布特征基本一致,在时间维度上有整体向好态势,在空间维度上污染聚集现象严重,中西部养殖规模较大的长春、吉林、四平、松原地区养殖排污浓度最高,东部地区染物排放强度较小。综合考虑现有产业布局和污染现状,建议将中部的辽源地区、西部的白城地区设定为以畜禽养殖业可持续发展为目标的促养区;将中西部的四平、吉林、长春、松原等地区划分为以转变饲养模式,限产防污为工作重点的限养区;东部的白山、延边、通化地区受自然、经济和生态环境约束建议设定为禁养区,近期旨在推动区域生态系统修复,远期可考虑走生态产业化发展道路。As a subsystem of regional industrial economic ecosystem,livestock and poultry breeding should take the route of optimizing industrial systems with regards to space.Based on the basic data of livestock and poultry breeding in Jilin Province from 2008 to 2018,the total amount and proportion analysis showed that the output value contribution of regional livestock and poultry breeding decreased(48%),but the overall industrial status could not be estimated.The regional differences and time differences of livestock and poultry breeding in Jilin Province were obvious,and the spatial agglomeration features of main livestock and poultry breeding species were significant.The cumulative pig equivalent in Changchun,Siping,Jilin and Songyuan exceeded 70%of the total amount of the province.The emission intensity of livestock and poultry pollutants in Jilin Province was calculated by using the pollutant load method of unit cultivated land.It was found that the emission intensity of major pollutants(COD,TP,TN)in livestock and poultry breeding industry was basically consistent with the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the industry,showing an overall positive trend in the time dimension,and serious pollution aggregation in the spatial dimension.The pollution emission concentration in the central and western regions(Changchun,Jilin,Siping and Songyuan)was higher,while the emission intensity of pollutants in the eastern region was lower.Considering the existing industrial layout and pollution status,it is suggested that Liaoyuan area in the middle and Baicheng area in the west should be set as the promotion areas aiming at sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding.Similarly,dividing Siping,Jilin,Changchun,Songyuan and other areas in the central and western regions into limited feeding areas with the focus on changing feeding mode and limiting production and preventing pollution.Baishan,Yanbian and Tonghua in the east are restricted by natural,economic and ecological environment,which aims to prom

关 键 词：畜禽养殖 生猪当量 时空分布 环境污染 产业布局 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]