早产儿的流行病学及临床特点  

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of premature infants

作　　者：蒋俊玉 JIANG Jun-yu(Department of Neonatal Internal Medicine,Dongguan Kanghua Hospital,Guangdong Province,Dongguan523000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省东莞康华医院新生儿内科,广东东莞523000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2021年第13期219-221,共3页China Modern Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨早产儿的流行病学及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2018年1月~2019年1月于东莞康华医院新生儿内科分娩的219例早产儿的临床资料(早产儿死亡率为0%)。统计以上早产儿的围产期、胎龄分布、体重分布情况及并发症的分布等资料。结果于东莞康华医院住院的早产儿胎龄以33~<37周为主(67.5%);出生体重以1500~2499 g为主(75.7%);1 min内Apgar评分2~10分,平均(7.25±0.50)分;窒息发生率为17.8%。引起早产的主要病因依次为:胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压综合征、多胎妊娠、胎盘早剥、辅助生殖技术助孕者、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、妊娠期糖尿病。胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压综合征、多胎妊娠以及妊娠期糖尿病疾病在胎龄27~<30周、30~<33周、33~<37周早产儿中的发生率依次降低(P<0.05)。早产儿常见的并发症依次为呼吸系统疾病、感染、循环系统疾病、高胆红素血症、电解质紊乱、消化系统疾病。27~<30周、30~<33周、33~<37周胎龄早产儿发生呼吸系统疾病、感染、高胆红素血症、电解质紊乱、消化系统疾病并发症发生率依次降低(P<0.05)。结论导致早产发生的常见原因较为明确,早产儿并发症以呼吸系统疾病多见。不同胎龄早产发生的原因及并发症发生情况有一定差异。Objective To explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of preterm infants.Methods The clinical data of 219 premature infants delivered in the Department of Neonatal Internal Medicine,Dongguan Kanghua Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively(the premature infant mortality rate was 0%).The perinatal,gestational age distribution,body weight distribution and complication distribution of the above preterm infants were counted.Results The gestational age of premature infants hospitalized in Dongguan Kanghua Hospital was mainly 33-<37 weeks(67.5%).The main birth weight was 1500-2499 g(75.7%).Apgar score ranged from 2 to 10 points within 1 minute,with an average score of(7.25±0.50)points.The incidence of asphyxia was 17.8%.The main causes of premature delivery are premature rupture of membranes,pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome,multiple pregnancy,placental abruption,assisted reproductive technology,intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.The incidence of premature rupture of membranes,pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome,multiple pregnancies and gestational diabetes mellitus in premature infants aged 27-<30 weeks,30-<33 weeks and 33-<37 weeks decreased in turn(P<0.05).The common complications of premature infants are respiratory diseases,infections,circulatory diseases,hyperbilirubinemia,electrolyte disorders and digestive diseases.The incidence of respiratory diseases,infection,hyperbilirubinemia,electrolyte disturbance and digestive system diseases in premature infants aged 27-<30 weeks,30-<33 weeks and 33-<37 weeks decreased in turn(P<0.05).Conclusion The common causes of premature babies are relatively clear.Complications in children are more common in respiratory diseases.There are some differences in the causes and complications of preterm delivery at different gestational ages.

关 键 词：早产儿 临床 流行病学 调查 早产儿并发症 

分 类 号：R272.1[医药卫生—中医儿科学]