覆膜秸秆还田对旱作农田土壤水温及春玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning to Field and Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Water,Temperature and Maize Yield in Upland Fields

作　　者：钱锐 刘洋[1,2] 郭茹[1,2] 杨玲 梁霞 张鹏[1,2] 任小龙 贾志宽[1,2] QIAN Rui;LIU Yang;GUO Ru;YANG Ling;LIANG Xia;ZHANG Peng;REN Xiaolong;JIA Zhikuan(College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2021年第4期532-544,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801314);博士后特别资助项目(2019T120951);陕西省博士后项目(2017BSHEDZZ140)。

摘　　要：探索半干旱区秸秆还田对覆膜农田土壤水分、温度、春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响。以宁南典型旱作区覆膜种植和传统种植为基础,设置平作不还田(T)、平作秸秆还田(TS)、平覆膜秸秆不还田(P)、平覆膜秸秆还田(PS)4个处理。结果表明,覆膜种植与秸秆还田增加耗水量,P和PS较T和TS平均提高玉米耗水量5.72%,PS较P,TS较T分别提高2.54%和2.81%。不同种植方式提高播前至收获0~200 cm土壤贮水量58.19~104.20 mm。生育期内,PS与P分别提高0~20 cm土壤平均昼、夜温度1.40℃、1.71℃和3.71℃、3.51℃,TS分别降低和提高土壤平均昼、夜温度0.46℃和0.50℃。生育期0~60 cm土壤有效积温总量以PS最多,为332.31℃,较P、TS、T分别多1%、20.95%和19.42%。覆膜处理(P、PS)的经济产量和生物产量较不覆膜处理(T、TS)平均提高70.06%和35.13%。经济产量与播后0~30 d的土壤贮水量呈极显著正相关。生物产量与播后0~30 d、30~60 d贮水量呈显著相关。耗水量与土壤贮水量、土壤温度的相关性先随生育期呈先升高后降低。在宁南典型旱作区,秸秆还田与地膜覆盖通过优势互作,弥补了单一覆膜种植的弊端。平覆膜秸秆还田(PS)无论在贮水量、水分利用效率、有效积温、作物产量等方面效果均为最佳。To explore the effect of straw returning to the field on soil moisture,temperature,summer maize yield and and water use efficiency under plastic film mulchingin semi-arid area.On the basis of mulching and traditional planting patterns,a field experiment of straw returning to the field was conducted in typical semi-arid region in South Ningxia of China.Four treatments were established as follows traditional flat planting with no plastic film mulching and no straw returning(T),flat planting with straw returning(TS),flat planting with plastic film mulching with no straw returning(P),flat planting with plastic film mulching and straw returning(PS).The results showed that plastic film mulching and straw returning increased the water consumption during the growth periodof the spring maize,in which both P and PS increased it by 5.72%compared with T and TS treatments;compared with P and TS treatment,PS increased it by 2.54%and 2.81%,respectively,and soil water storage capacity of 0-200 cm from sowing to harvest increased by 58.19-104.20 mm.During the maize growth period,PS and P treatments increased the average day and night temperatures of 0-20 cm soil by 1.40℃,1.71℃,3.71℃and 3.51℃,respectively.TS treatment reduced and increased soil average day and night temperatures by 0.46℃and 0.50℃,respectively.The total effective accumulated temperature of 0-60 cm soil during the growth period was the highest in PS treatment(332.31℃),which increased 1.00%,20.95%and 19.42%than that of P,TS and T,respectively.The economic yield and biological yield of plastic film mulching planting pattern(P,PS)increased averagelyby 70.06%and 60.66%compared with no mulching(T,TS).There was a significantly positive correlation between maize economic yield and soil water storage at 0-30 d after sowing and there was a significant correlation between biological yield and water storage at 0-30 d and 30-60 d after sowing.The correlation coefficient between water consumption,soil water storage and soil temperature increased in the early growth

关 键 词：覆膜种植 秸秆还田 昼夜温差 土壤有效积温 水分利用效率 春玉米产量 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学]