马克思视域下的自由  

Freedom from the perspective of marx

作　　者：刘文杰[1] LIU Wen-jie(School of Marxism,Shandong University,Ji'nan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学马克思主义学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《河北工程大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期92-96,共5页Journal of Hebei University of Engineering(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA001);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(11JZD003)。

摘　　要：受限与自由并非截然对立,而是相互交错、辩证统一,这一点需从马克思的视角予以解析。人从动物进化而来,既有自然规定性需要,也有自我规定性需要。满足自然规定性需要的活动,哪怕出于主观自愿,依然不自由,满足自我规定性需要的活动才是自由的活动。自我规定性需要与自然规定性需要共存于一身,规范着自然规定性需要。若突破了自我规定性需要的管制,满足自然规定性需要的活动就是恶,限制作恶之人其实是帮其恢复自由,此时受限与自由就是同一的。除引起恶之外,自然规定性需要还能异化自由的活动。但人自我生成的本性一定能压制住恶,一定能克服异化,一定能使满足自我规定性需要的活动充实人类所有领域,这便是自由的实现。Limitation and freedom are not diametrically opposed,but intertwined and dialectically unified,which needs to be analyzed from the perspective of Marx.Human beings evolved from animals and have both natural and self-stipulation needs.Activities that meet the needs of nature are not free,even if they are subjective and voluntary.Activities that meet the needs of self-stipulation are free activities.The self-stipulation needs coexist with the natural-stipulation needs and regulate the natural-stipulation needs.If we break through the regulation of self-stipulation needs,the activities to meet the natural-stipulation needs are evil,and restricting the perpetrators is actually to help them recover freedom.At this time,limitation and freedom are the same.In addition to causing evil,natural-stipulation needs can also alienate free activities.But the nature of man's self-generation must be able to suppress evil,overcome alienation,and fill all fields of human beings with activities that meet the needs of self-stipulation,which is the realization of freedom.

关 键 词：自由 限制 自然规定性 自我规定性 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]