由意生象——浅析佛塔对中国古典园林的影响  

From the Significance to the Form:Analysis of the Influence of Buddhist Pagodas on Chinese Classical Gardens

作　　者：许家瑞 刘庭风[1] XU Jiarui;LIU Tingfeng

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2021年第2期112-118,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

摘　　要：佛教源于印度,随佛教传入中国的佛塔,吸收了博大精深的中华文化,从意义上发生了融合转换,神圣崇拜之感逐渐褪去,人性感悟之光逐渐明亮,从而体现于形象之上,生成了诸多的形式和用途的变化。作为中国古代独特的建筑语言,佛塔无不影响着中国古典园林的设计、营造和审美。一是其形象的体量、比例和位置对古典园林造景手法多样性和鉴赏标准的提升,二是其意义背后的哲学思想对古典园林中“山水”“禅境”等高度凝练的空间想象和意境氛围做出的补充。Buddhism is originated in India.With the introduction of Buddhism into China,pagodas have absorbed the extensive and profound Chinese culture.In the sense of integration and transformation,the sense of sacred worship gradually fades away and the light of human nature gradually brightens,which is reflected in the form,and has produced many changes in use.Before the sinicization,there was an equal relationship between the pagoda and the Buddha.As the statue of Buddha gradually replaced the pagoda and evolved into the Buddha itself,the audience hall became the most important building in the temple.Worshiping Buddha in the hall,just like worshiping ancestors in the ancestral hall,is more suitable for the worship behavior of Chinese people.So the religious significance of pagoda worship gradually declined,just continued to maintain the symbolic function of the temple.In addition,because the geomantic theory of Kanyu thought that the temple can protect people from evil things,so did the pagoda.So after the decline of the temple,the pagoda remained became the form of"Zhensha"in the city.Since the Tang and Song Dynasties,the pagoda is no longer a sacred symbol that cannot be approached,but a place of art where people intimate contacted and expressed the heroic spirit.The temple has become a place for people to relax,pray,consume,do business and other secular life.The pagoda has naturally become a place for climbing,enjoying flowers and drinking.It has completely integrated into the life of ancient people,and has also become a"billboard"symbol and memory of cities,towns and villages.The relationship between"significance"and"form",that is,internal spirit and external form,has long been used in artistic creation by Chinese ancestors.The combination and unification of significance and form can help us have a general grasp of things.It is an important feature of Chinese traditional garden design to set up the form to express the significance.The creative process of"from the significance to the form"has a strong substitution a

关 键 词：佛塔 中国古典园林 造景手法 鉴赏标准 空间想象 意境氛围 

分 类 号：TU986.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]